土壤样品含水量快速测定方法的比较研究

[目的]探寻更加快速、节能的土壤样品含水量、测定方法,优选出适用于不同样品数量的最佳干燥途径,对提高土壤含水量、分析效率及实验室节能有重要意义。[方法]以黄绵土(宁夏彭阳)、塿土(陕西杨凌)、紫色土(四川盐亭)3种土壤为试验材料,采用烘箱法、微波炉法、酒精灯干烧法、酒精燃烧法分别对设计含水量为30%、20%、10%的土壤样品含水量进行了测定,并对几种测定方法进行了比较。[结果]微波炉法能将样品的干燥时间缩短至10 min以内,速度快,能耗低,且测定结果与烘箱法没有显著差异,在样品数量较少的情况下可以作为烘箱法的替代方法,而烘箱法仅适用于大批量样品的干燥。该研究提出的酒精灯干烧法可能成为一种较节约燃料的快速干燥方法。该方法的测定准确性还有待改进,适用性需进一步验证。[结论]从实验室节能减排的角度出发,推荐使用微波炉法进行土壤样品干燥,在样品数量较少的情况下尽量避免使用烘箱法。

Comparison of Rapid Methods for Soil Water Content

[ Object] Searching for rapid and energy-saving methods for measuring soil water content and selecting the best way of soil drying for different sample quantity were of importance to enhance the efficiency of soil water analysis and energy saving of laboratory. [ Method ] Taken loessial soil （ Pengyang, Ningxia ） , lou soil （Yangllng, Shaanxi）, and purple soil （Yanting, Sichuan ） as material, soil water contents of samples with designed water content of 30% , 20% and 10% were tested using oven method, microwave oven method, alcohol lamp toasting method, and alcohol burning method. [ Result] Microwave oven method could shorten the time consumption to less than 10 min, and got accurate results as oven method. When there were only a few samples, microwave oven method could take the place of oven method. However, oven method was only suitable for samples with large number. The lcohol lamp toasting method proposed by this study probably was a rapid and fuel saving drying method, but its accuracy and applicability needed more research. ~ Conclusion ] In order to save energy and reduce carbon emissions, microwave oven method was recommended, and the use of oven method should be avoided when there were only a few samples.