基于过程控制的矿山土地复垦工程技术体系构建

在对矿山土地复垦主要阶段(地貌重塑、土壤重构、植被重建、设施完备和生物多样性重组)分析的基础上,总结了不同损毁土地类型(排土(岩)场、塌陷地、露采场、尾矿库、矸石山、赤泥堆场和工业场地)的土地损毁特点、土源类型、复垦措施等,构建了基于土地复垦质量过程控制的3级矿山土地复垦工程技术体系。矿山土地复垦工程技术体系的一级项目有4个,包括地貌重塑工程、土壤重构工程、植被重建工程和设施配套工程,二级项目有15个,三级项目共38个。该研究可为规范矿山土地复垦工程建设、加强土地复垦实施监管提供依据。

Construction of Technology System of Land Rehabilitation Engineering in Mining Area Based on Process Control

On the basis of the analysis on the main stage on land rehabilitation （landscape reshaping,soil reconstruction,vegetation restoration,facilities configuration and biodiversity recombinant）,combined with the features of land damage and rehabilitation technology of different land damage type （dump,subsidence,open stope,tailings,waste rock site,red mud disposal and industrial sites）,rehabilitation directions,soil source type and rehabilitation measures for different land damage types is proposed,and three-level technical system on land rehabilitation project of mine area is constructed based on process control of land reclamation quality in this paper.The main stages of land rehabilitation in mining area are considered in first-level subject,the classification takes into account not only differences the land development and other engineering,but also the original classification are merged to make a more specific name.Second-level subject mainly is classified according to engineering purposes,which is generally able to be conducted for independent construction and the completion of an independent function （role）.Third-level subject is a single project,and it can be individually designed and has independent function after completion.There are 4 first-level subjects in the land rehabilitation project technical system,which are landscape reshaping engineering,soil reconstruction engineering,vegetation restoration engineering and facilities configuration engineering.The number is 15 and 38 for second-level subject and third-level subject,respectively.This study can provide a theoretical basis and technical support to regulate land reclamation projects and strengthen the supervision of land reclamation implementation.