土库曼斯坦典型绿洲土地利用格局变化的地表热环境响应研究

基于遥感和GIS，选择两期遥感影像，对土库曼斯坦穆尔加布—捷詹绿洲的土地利用及其地表热环境的变化进行分析，探讨了不同土地利用类型的空间格局对绿洲热环境的影响。结果表明:2001—2011年间，研究区土地利用变化最显著的特征是耕地的扩大和其他用地的减少，耕地从2001年的4.84×10⁵ hm²增加到2011年的5.82×10⁵ hm²，其他用地从2001年的5.00×10⁶ hm²减少到2011年的3.88×10⁵ hm²；不同土地利用类型上的地表温度具有明显差异，各土地利用类型地表温度平均值排序为:沙地 > 其他用地 > 盐碱地 > 耕地 > 林地 > 草地 > 水域；以耕地为突出特征的土地利用变化影响区域热效应的效果较为显著，具体表现为绿洲热环境效应减弱，冷岛效应增强。

Study on the Response of Surface Thermal Environment to Land Use Pattern Changes in Typical Oasis of Turkmenistan

Based on remote sensing and GIS, the land use change and the thermal environment were analyzed by using two sets of ETM⁺ images of 2001 and 2011 in this study. The result showed that the expansion of cultivated land and decrease of other land were the most obvious characteristics of land use change during 2001—2011. The cultivated land increased from 4.84×10⁵ hm² in 2001 to 5.82×10⁵ hm² in 2011 and the other land decreased from 5.00×10⁶ hm² in 2001 to 3.89×10⁵ hm² in 2011. The surface temperature of different land use types had significant difference. The descending order of the mean land surface temperature of land use type was: sand, other land, saline-alkali soil, cultivated land, woodland, grassland, waters. This study indicated the land use change especially the cultivated land expansion and other land decrease influenced the regional thermal environment dramatically. The oasis thermal environment shows a downward trend.