肥效评价的生态平衡施肥理论体系、指标体系及其实证

根据生态平衡施肥理论和实践,在综合评价肥料利用率及其算法前提下,提出了肥效评价的生态平衡施肥理论体系和指标体系,并进行了实证。理论体系包括:(1)以生态平衡施肥的多目标优化施肥为核心内容,即生态平衡施肥是以适宜的肥料成本、保证粮食产量和品质、持续培肥或保持土壤肥力平衡、减少施肥污染的多目标优化;(2)从操作上定义了多个评价指标,并可通过普通肥料田间试验求算;(3)指标体系包括评价肥效和指导施肥双重功能;(4)确立了肥效评价指标体系建立的方法。指标体系包括4方面9项指标:①用产量评价的指标有肥料转化率、最低肥料转化率、最高肥料转化率、平均肥料转化率;②考虑对环境负面影响的指标有肥料离土率、生态施肥量上限;③考虑土壤培肥的指标有培肥施肥量下限;④考虑土壤和肥料共同作用的指标有土壤-肥料养分表观转化率和土壤-肥料养分表观离土率。

Theory System, Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization and Demonstration for Fertilizer Efficiency Evaluation

Theory and index systems of fertilizer efficiency evaluation were demonstrated and proposed according to the theory and practice of ecological balanced fertilization under synthesize evaluate fertilizer use efficiency and its calculation method. The theory system of fertilizer efficiency evaluation contained:(1)Multi-target optimize fertilization of ecological balanced fertilization was core content, which means reasonable fertilizer cost, the grain yield and quality can be ensured, sustaining fertilization...