The mechanism of resistance to lindane and hexadeuterated lindane in the Third Yumenoshima strain of house fly |
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Authors: | Keiji Tanaka Minoru Nakajima Norio Kurihara |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;2. Radioisotope Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan |
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Abstract: | The factors which cause lindane resistance in the Third Yumenoshima strain, a strain of house flies highly resistant to insecticides, were studied using hexadeuterated lindane. Hexadeuterated lindane has the same physicochemical properties as lindane, but the former is much less biodegradable than the latter. The LD50 ratio of lindane to hexadeuterated lindane in this strain, deuterium isotope effect on LD50 values, was larger than that in SNAIDM, a susceptible (nonresistant) strain. The penetration rates of labeled and nonlabeled lindane through the insect cuticle were about the same for both strains. Thus, penetration rate does not cause resistance. The metabolic degradation of lindane in the resistant strain in vivo occurred much faster than in the susceptible strain. This was also the case for lindane degradation processes in vitro such as microsomal oxidation and glutathione conjugation. In both strains, significant isotope effects were observed in the degradation rates in vitro of labeled and nonlabeled lindane. Therefore, principal biodegradation and detoxication pathways should include reactions which cleave the CH bonds. When the much less biodegradable d6 counterpart of lindane was applied to both strains, the susceptible strain became much more highly intoxicated than the other within 20 to 30 min. This indicates that a combination of both greater degradability and probably lower sensitivity at the action site are the main factors underlying resistance in the Third Yumenoshima strain. |
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Keywords: | To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. |
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