自走式果园有机肥条铺机设计与试验

为扩展果园秸秆覆盖机作业功能,解决丘陵山地果园缺少有机肥施肥机械的问题,基于秸秆覆盖机,设计了自走式果园有机肥条铺机。整机主要由车体和条铺装置组成,其中条铺装置采用伸缩式结构,条铺间距为1.8～2.7 m,适应在行距为3.0～4.5 m的果园进行有机肥对沟施肥或行间双侧条铺,也可用于大田作物对行施基肥或条铺栽培基质。运用离散元法对条铺装置的排肥口结构进行优化,确定了最优斜口形排肥口结构。条铺试验结果表明,腐熟牛粪施肥量29.40～53.10 t/hm²,变异系数小于等于15.48%;菌渣施肥量21.45～75.00 t/hm²,变异系数小于等于6.57%;腐熟牛粪、菌渣施肥量模型的决定系数分别为0.871 3和0.963 1。果园实地试验中作业效果良好。

Design and Test of Self-propelled Orchard Organic Fertilizer Strip-spreader

In order to expand the function of the orchard straw mulching machine and solve the problem of the shortage of organic fertilizer fertilization machine in a hilly orchard, a self-propelled orchard organic fertilizer strip-spreader was developed based on the straw mulching machine. The machine was mainly composed of the vehicle body and the strip-spreading device. The strip-spreading device adopted a telescopic structure, and the spacing of the strip-spreading was 1.8~2.7m, which was suitable for ditch fertilization or two-side strip spreading of organic fertilizer in orchard with row spacing of 3.0~4.5m or applying base fertilizer along the rows for field crops or spreading cultivation substrate in strips. The discrete element method was used to optimize the fertilizing outlet structure of the strip-spreading device, and the best XK type fertilizing outlet structure was decided. The strip-spreading test results showed that the fertilizing amount of the decomposed cow manure was ranged from 29.40t/hm2 to 53.10t/hm2, and the coefficient of variation was less than or equal to 15.48%. The amount of the mushroom residue applied was 21.45~75.00t/hm2, and the coefficient of variation was less than or equal to 6.57%. The determination coefficients of the fertilization quantitative models of the decomposed cow manure and the mushroom residue were 0.8713 and 0.9631, respectively. In the field test of orchard, the strip-spreader showed a good operation effect. The self-propelled orchard organic fertilizer strip-spreader can adapt to large-scale fertilization in a hilly orchard.