南疆日光温室桃树熊蜂授粉试验初报

以新疆南疆日光温室桃和油桃为研究对象,进行熊蜂授粉技术试验.结果表明,熊蜂具有适合为设施作物授粉的形态结构和独特的生物学特性,在南疆日光温室中,出巢活动温度9～12℃,比蜜蜂低5～6℃,日工作时间比蜜蜂长2～3 h;熊蜂授粉的座果率比蜜蜂和人工授粉分别提高9.5;和47.3;;单位面积产量比蜜蜂授粉提高15.3;,单果重提高14.7;,果实可溶性固形物含量提高9.9;,从而提高果实品质和商品性.由此可见,熊蜂更适合在南疆设施环境中为桃树授粉.

The Preliminary Study of Pollunating Peaches and Nectarines by Bumble Bees in Solar Greenhouse in the South of Xinjiang

Peaches and nectarines which were pollinated by the bumble bees had been studied in the solar greenhouse in the south of Xinjiang.The results showed that bumble bees have the unusual morph structure and biology characteristics which adapted for pollination in greenhuoses,the activity temperature of bumble bees were 9-12℃,which was 5-6℃ lower than that of honey bees,at the same time the working hours was 2-3 hours longer than that of the honey bees everyday;The fruit set percentage of bumble bees was 9.5% and 47.3% higher than that of the hongey bees and artificial pollination;Its unit area yield was 15.3% higher than that of honey bees,the single fruit weight was increased by 14.7% than that by honey bees,and the soluble solid was increased by 9.9% than that of honey bees,for this reason,the fruit quality and commercial were improved.It was concluded that bumble bees were more adaptable pollinated for peaches and nectarines in greenhouses in the south of Xinjiang.