四川草原害兽危害概况及对策

四川省草原面积1 600多万hm2,宜牧草场1 200万hm2,主要分布于四川西部的甘孜、阿坝和凉山地区,是我国五大牧区之一。四川西部草原受到严重的小型兽类危害,危害面积约250万hm2,约占宜牧草场的20%。每年损失牧草约170万t,直接经济损失超过1亿元人民币。主要危害兽类包括黑唇鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)、藏鼠兔(O.thibetana)、高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)、喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)、大绒鼠(Eothenomys mile-tus)和云南绒鼠(Eothenomys eleusi)等6种。造成危害的主要原因是过渡放牧、人为疏干湿地、气候变暖、水位下降等综合因素的影响使有害小型兽类种群数量地加。解决措施包括合理规定草场载畜量,严禁过渡放牧;加强宣传教育,转变当地牧民观念,提高牲畜的商品率,减少存栏率;培育畜产品的深加工企业,提高各类牲畜的经济价值;对危害严重的区域实行工程化防治;加强植被恢复。

The Damage Done to Grassland by Small Mammals in Sichuan Province and its Control Strategy

There are over 16,000,000 hectares of grassland in western Sichuan,in which,120,000,000 hectare grassland is suitable for browsing.It is one of the five largest grasslands in China.But the grassland of Sichuan has been seriously damaged by small mammals.The damaged area in Sichuan is over(2,500,000) hectare.About 1,700,000 ton grass is lost every year.The direct Economic loss is over a hundred million every year.Small mammals which damage grassland are mainly Ochotona curzoniae,O.thibetana,Myospalax baileyi,Marmota himalayana,Eothenomys miletus and Eothenomys eleusis.The reasons for leading to damage include:over browsing,man-made drainage of wetland,climate calefying,water level descending.Strategies prohibiting grassland damage are suggested as follows:reasonable livestock hold,prohibiting over-browsing,strengthening education of people,increasing livestock merchandise ratio,cultivating livestock processing industries,controlling small mammal populations in serious damaged area,and restoring grassland vegetation.