太湖流域水生态系统服务及其空间差异

以太湖流域土地利用资料、水文水质资料和统计资料为基础,对流域尺度上水生态系统服务功能及其空间差异性进行了评价与分析。结果表明,太湖流域水生态系统的水供给功能为3.70×1010 m3/a,水产品功能为6 681.180t/a,水路旅客周转量为4.604×108人/(km.a),水路货运周转量为2.90×1011t/(km.a),蓄水总量为4.53×109 m3/a,调节水量为7.69×109 m3/a,固碳量为4.28×106 t/a,释放O2量为1.14×107 t/a,净化污水量为6.30×109 t/a,年输沙量为1.22×106 t/a,造陆面积为189.851hm2/a;水生态系统服务功能总价值为9.10×1010元/a,不同服务功能价值量排序为:旅游>航运>调蓄>水质净化>固碳释氧>水供给>水产品>输沙造陆;太湖流域单位面积水生态系统服务功能价值为19.22元/(m2.a),且存在较大空间差异,其顺序为:浦西区>武澄区>浙西区>杭嘉湖区>湖西区>阳澄区>太湖区。

Water Ecosystem Services and Their Spatial Variability in Taihu Basin

Water resource problems in Taihu basin became serious with the development of society and economy.In order to evaluate the water ecosystem services of Taihu basin and to provide a theoretical basis for watershed management,this study divided water resources of Taihu basin into seven districts based on the statistics data,land-use data and hydrological information,and then evaluated and analyzed the water ecosystem services and their spatial variability.The results show that the water supply volume of Taihu basin was 3.70×1010 m³/a,aquatic product yield was 6 681.180 t/a,transportation capacity of passenger and freight travel were 4.604×108 person/(km·a) and 2.90×1011 t/(km·a),respectively,water storage capacity was 4.53×109 m³/a,flood control capacity was 7.69×109 m³/a,carbon fixation and oxygen release rates were 4.28×106 t/a and 1.14×107 t/a,respectively,water purification capacity was 6.30×109 t/a,and sand transport and land reclamation rates were 1.22×106 t/a and 189.851 hm²/a,respectively.The total value of water ecosystem services was 9.10×1010 yuan/a.The order of various services in terms of value was as following,tourismtransportationwater storage and flood controlwater purificationcarbon sequensation and oxygen releasewater supplyaquatic productsand transport and land reclamation.The average ecosystem service value per unit area of Taihu basin was 19.22 yuan/(m²·a).The order of various districts in terms of average service value was as following,PuxiWuchengWest ZhejiangHangjiahuHuxiYangchengTaihu.