黄土沟壑区王东沟流域苹果品质限制性生态因子探析

 【目的】找出限制苹果品质进一步提高的生态因子,以最大化地实现系统内自然资源的可持续利用。【方法】以黄土沟壑区的典型代表王东沟流域为研究区,借助主成分分析法和多因素模糊综合评价对该流域苹果生长的生态适宜度进行综合量化评价。【结果】王东沟流域苹果生态适宜度综合效益指数达到0.74,属于中上等水平,从理论上量化了黄土沟壑区为中国优质苹果的适生区;并指出影响该流域苹果品质的生态因子中,土壤全氮和有机质含量的隶属度值最低,分别为0.34和0.35,其次是年降水量,其隶属度值也仅为0.62,而年均温、≥10℃年积温、1月中旬均温、夏季(6—9月)温度日较差、土壤有效磷、有效钾等生态因子的隶属度值均较高,条件较优。【结论】黄土沟壑区王东沟流域苹果品质的限制性生态因子为土壤全氮和有机质含量及年降水量,从调控该流域苹果园的肥、水资源入手,将有助于促进黄土沟壑区苹果品质的稳步提高。

Limiting Ecologica Facotors Evaluation of High-Quality Apple at Wangdonggou Watershed in Loess Gully Region

【Objective】 Ecological factors have very important effects on apple qualities. So it is very important to find out the ecological factors limiting the quality of apple in apple production. 【Method】Taking Wangdonggou Watershed in Loess Gully Region as a case, the ecological factors of apple were evaluated by using principal component analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. 【Result】 In the study area, the ecological suitability was at the level of basically well, with the integrated ecological indices (IEI) being 0.74. It was also quantified that the Loess Gully Region is a good region for growing apple in China. Soil total nitrogen TN, organic matter (OM) and annual precipitation were the ecological factors limiting the quality of apple in Loess Gully Region, and their membership degrees were 0.34, 0.35, and 0.62, respectively. However, the annual mean temperature, the ≥10℃accumulated temperature, the mean temperature in mid-January, the daily range of temperature in summer, the available P and the available K all reached the extremely well level. 【Conclusion】According to the above results, a new way was raised for improvement of the quality of apple.