二棱大麦穗部性状遗传特性的研究

以二棱大麦（ＨｏｒｄｅｕｍｄｉｓｔｉｃｈｕｍＬ．）甘木二条等７个品种进行７×７半双列杂交，对亲本、Ｆ＿１和Ｆ＿２主茎的穗长、每穗粒数、穗密度、千粒重等性状，采用ＡＤＡＡ模型进行遗传分析。遗传方差分量占表现型方差比率的估算表明，只有穗密度有加×加上位性效应，其余均受加性显性效应的作用，基因效应预测值表明６７１１－２８、浙农大３号的后代每穗粒数较多：Ｓ－０９６、紫皮大麦、６７１１－２８后代千粒重较高。杂种优势预测表明，二棱大麦有千粒重增加、穗增长、每穗粒数增多的杂种优势。相关分析表明，穗密度与每穗粒数呈极显著正相关，主要来自加性效应。

Genetic analysis of ear traits in two-rowed barley.

A half-diallel analysis of spike length,grains per spike,spike density and 1 000-grains weight was carried out with F_1,F_2,and parents of 7 two-rowed barley varieties by using ad-ditive-dominance-epistatic model.The estimation of the ratio between components of genetic vari-ance and phenotypic variance indicates that spike density is also conditioned with additive by addi-tive epistatic effect,while other characters are only conditioned with additive and dominance effect.Estimation of gene effect value shows that in the progenies of cross with 6711-28,zhenongda 3 as parent,plants with more grains per spike are much more likely to be isolated,whereas more plants with higher 1 000-garin weight can be isolated from crosses with S-096,Zipidamei,6711-28 as par-ents. Heterosis prediction reveals that heterosis of ear traits in two-rowed barley expresses mainly as higher 1 000-grain weight,longer spike,and more grains per spike. Analysis of correlation indi-cates that there are positive correlation between spike length and 1 000-grain weight,which mainly.comes from additive effect.