衡水湖国家级自然保护区生态补偿标准核算

衡水湖国家级自然保护区是华北平原第二大淡水湿地,在生物多样性保护方面具有十分重要的价值。以衡水湖国家级自然保护区为例,结合其自身特点,参考湿地型自然保护区生态补偿计算方法,综合运用费用分析法、机会成本法、生态价值法及居民意愿法,确定衡水湖国家级自然保护区生态补偿的标准。结果表明,费用分析法得到衡水湖国家级自然保护区直接成本为10.39亿元/a;机会成本法得到其机会成本为6.55亿元/a;生态价值法得到其生态系统服务总价值为71.80亿元/a;居民意愿法得到其自然保护区退田还湖农户平均受偿意愿为4.5万元/(hm2·a);湖区农民户平均受偿意愿为5.4万元/(hm2·a),湖区渔民户平均受偿意愿为3.45万元/(hm2·a)。以自然保护区管理投入的直接成本价值和限制产业发展丧失的机会成本价值作为生态补偿的下线,以生态系统服务总价值乘以衡水湖地区的生态价值系数55.1%作为生态补偿的上线,则衡水湖国家级自然保护区生态补偿的合理标准范围为16.94亿～39.56亿元/a。

Determination of the Ecological Compensation Standard for Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve

Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve (HLNNR), the second largest freshwater wetland in the Northern Plain of China, is important for conserving biodiversity. Careful determination of the ecological compensation standard for HLNNR, rationally and science-based, will promote ecological conservation and harmonious community development. In this study, we evaluated the ecological compensation standard of HLNNR, based on reserve characteristics and a comprehensive cost analysis that accounted for ecological value, opportunity cost and the welfare of local residents. The direct economic value of HLNNR is 1.039 billion yuan/a, the opportunity cost is 655 million yuan/a and the total value of ecosystem services is 7.180 billion yuan/a. The average anticipated compensation cost for returning farmland to lake is 54,000 yuan/(hm2?a) for farmers living in the lake district, and 34,500 yuan/(hm2?a) for fishermen, and averaged at 45,000 yuan / (hm2?a). Finally, the direct cost of natural reserve management and the opportunity cost imposed by limiting industrial development were taken as the baseline for ecological compensation, and the upper limit was set as the total value of ecosystem services multiplied by 55.1%. This resulted in an ecological compensation standard for HLNNR in the range of 1.694 - 3.956 billion yuan/a.