高州油茶果实生长性状与品质的动态变化规律

为了解高州油茶 Camellia gauchowensis 果实生长特性和油脂转化特点，对不同时期油茶果的主要经济性状和干仁含油率进行差异分析。结果显示：6 月份以后，高州油茶果实呈现缓慢生长期、快速生长期和平稳生长期 3 个阶段，快速生长期的单果质量和果径生长量分别占总生长量的 63.31% 和38.06%。鲜出籽率和干出籽率经历停滞期、快速上升期和稳定期，在 11 月中旬达到最高值。油茶果在整个生长期中，鲜籽含水率逐步降低，至 12 月 2 日降至 44.31%。干仁含油率在 12 月初达到最高值，缓慢生长期、快速生长期和生长平稳期的增长量对最高值的贡献比率分别为 4.36%、27.21% 和 67.16%。高州油茶脂肪酸主要由棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸和硬脂酸 4 种组成，其组分比例在不同采摘时期差异不显著。油茶相邻两个大年间干仁含油率（产量）相差较大。

Study on Growth Characters and Quality Changes of Camellia gauchowensis Fruits

The oil contents and fruit characters at different times were investigated and analyzed, to know the characteristics of fruit growing and fatty acid transferring of Camellia gauchowensis. The result showed that the fruit experienced slow growth period, fast growth period and stable period of growth. The growth of single fruit mass and diameters occupied 61.31% and 38.06% in proportion of all growth in fast growth period. The yields of fresh seed and dry seed reached the highest in mid November passing through stagnation period, slow growth period and stable growth period. The percentage of moisture of fresh seed reduced gradually during growing period, and reduced to 44.31% in December 2nd. The oil content of drying kernel reach the highest at beginning of December. In addition, the proportions of preparation period, slow growth period and fast growth period were 4.36%, 27.21% and 67.16% in the highest oil content. The fatty acid in C. gauchowensis contained C16:0, C18:2, C18:1 and C18:0, and the contents of the four fatty acid had no significant difference between the different harvesting times. Moreover, there was large difference between two adjacent bumper harvest years.