次生阔叶林定向培育试验及效益研究

 常绿阔叶林是福建省的地带性植被,但在发展食用菌产业中,大量常绿阔叶林被破坏,形成了许多残次林。探索天然残次阔叶林改造成食用菌专用林的技术措施 ,对解决菌林矛盾和水土流失问题有重要意义。对次生阔叶林进行人工促进天然更新,定向培育食用菌专用林改造试验的结果表明:次生阔叶林改造投资省、成林早、生产周期短、经济效益好,第8年蓄积量可达92.1m3/hm2,可提供78.3t/hm2的食用菌原料,投入产出比为1∶139;同时,人工改造措施对群落的物种组成,没有不良影响,具有很好的水土保持和培肥地力功能等生态效益。因此,采取封禁,择优选留目的树种幼苗、幼树,清除杂草、藤蔓和非目的树种,伐去过高的伐桩,选留健壮的萌条,在林中空地进行补植等技术措施,是把天然残次阔叶林定向培育成食用菌原料专用林的有效技术手段。

Directional Silviculture Experiment and Benefits of Natural Secondary Broad-leaf Forest

Evergreen broad-leaf forest was the zonal vegetation of Fujian province, however, in the development of edible fungus industry, plenty of it were destroyed for deficient forest. Probing into the technology of altering deficient forest of natural secondary broad-leaf forest to professional forest of edible fungus, which was important to settle contradiction between fungus and secondary broad-leaf forest and problem of soil erosion. Based on experiment of artificial measures promoting regeneration and improvement of directional silviculture of professional forest of edible fungus, results showed that for the alteration of secondary broad-leaf forest, its investment was sparing, forest maturity was ahead of schedule, period of growth was short, and economic benefits were considerable. Volume amount of the eighth year reached 92 1m³/hm 2, 78 3t/hm² of edible fungus material could be offered, and the rate of devotion to yield was 1∶13 9. The measures of artificial alteration ad favorable eco-benefits of soil and water conservation and function of enhancing soil fertility etc., and which had not harmful effects to species constitute of community. So the measures of closing hillside for erosion control, selecting excellent seedling of objective trees, clearing weed, cirrus and non-objective forest away, cutting too high stump down, selecting vigorous branches and replanting at space in forest were effective to directional silviculture natural deficient broad-leaf forest to professional forest of edible fungus.