基于InVEST模型的南北盘江流域产水量时空变化研究

[目的]研究南北盘江流域产水量的时空变化特征以及不同土地利用类型、土壤类型和地形之间的产水功能差异，以期为流域内水资源有效管理和生态修复提供科学参考。[方法]基于InVEST模型定量评估了2005—2020年南北盘江流域产水量的时空变化特征、内部差异性及植被恢复对该地区产水功能的影响。[结果] 2005—2020年流域内的平均产水总量小幅波动，在空间上呈现东北部与中部高，西南部低的趋势，总体产水格局与降水量时空变化具有空间吻合性。在不考虑降雨量显著变化的情况下，耕地与草地面积减少是导致流域内产水总量呈现出小幅波动下降趋势的主要原因。各土地利用类型中产水能力最强的类型为建设用地，其次分别为裸地、耕地和草地。常绿针叶林与灌林地的产水能力较弱。流域内的产水能力随海拔升高而逐渐降低，土壤以产水能力较强的黄壤与红壤为主。该流域产水高值区主要集中于低、中海拔，以黄壤与红壤为主的东北部与中部区域；低值区主要集中于高、较高海拔，分布着大量石灰(岩)土和紫色土的西南部。[结论]该流域产水量空间格局有一定变化，其产水高值区有向东、东北偏移的趋势。土地利用类型、气象因子、土壤质地、地形等因素对产水功能空间异...

Spatial-temporal Variation of Water Yield in Nanbei Panjiang River Basin Based on InVEST Model

[Objective] The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of water yield and differences in the water yield function for different land use types, soil types, and topography in the Nanbei Panjiang River basin were analyzed in order to provide a scientific reference for the effective management of water resources and ecological restoration in the basin.[Methods] The spatial and temporal variation characteristics, internal differences, and the influence of vegetation restoration on the water yield function in the Nanbei Panjiang River basin from 2005 to 2020 were quantitatively evaluated using the InVEST model.[Results] The average total water yield in the basin fluctuated slightly from 2005 to 2020, showing a trend of higher in the northeast and central regions and lower in the southwest. The overall water yield pattern was spatially consistent with the spatial and temporal changes of precipitation. Without considering the significant change of rainfall, the decrease of cultivated land and grassland areas was the main reason for the slight fluctuation and downward trend of total water yield in the basin. The land use type with the strongest water yield capacity was construction land, followed by bare land, cultivated land, and grassland. The water yield capacities of evergreen coniferous forest and shrub land were weak. The water yield capacity in the basin gradually decreased with increasing altitude, and the soils with strong water yield capacity were mainly yellow soil and red soil. The high water yield areas in the basin were mainly concentrated in the northeast and central regions having low and medium altitudes, and were mainly yellow soil and red soil. The low value area was mainly concentrated in the southwest region having high and higher altitudes with large amounts of lime (rock) soil and purple soil.[Conclusion] The spatial pattern of water yield in the basin exhibited some changes, and the high value area of water yield had a tendency to shift to the east and northeast. Land use type, meteorological factors, soil texture, topography, and other factors have an important impact on the spatial heterogeneity of the water yield function.