负水头供水源位置对番茄生长和水分利用率的影响

目的] 研究负水头灌溉对番茄生长、灌水方式和水分利用率等的具体影响，旨在为完善负水头灌溉技术体系和提高水资源高效利用等提供科学依据。方法] 采用单盆单株的盆栽试验方法，利用负水头灌溉技术，研究了供水源位置对番茄长势、灌水量、产量和水分利用率的影响。结果] 负水头供水源位置对于番茄的生长和水分利用率有显著影响。与双盘埋设于根系两侧并交替供水相比，单盘竖向埋设于根系一侧供水和供水盘水平埋放于根系底部供水的单株产量分别增产14.3%和0.5%；根系两侧并交替供水的番茄植株生长趋势和地上部植株干物质量相对较小，但与其他两种供水位置相比其根冠比均提高33.3%；另外，根系两侧并交替供水的单株番茄总灌水量可降低24.7%和17.4%，较其他两种供水源位置的单侏水分利用率分别提高43.8%和14.8%；根系趋向供水源处生长。结论] 不同的负水头灌溉水源埋设位置显著影响番茄生长的参数是不同的，就设计的试验组次而言，在有效利用水资源，促进番茄植株生长和提高番茄产量等方面，双盘埋设于根系两侧并交替供水的方式最优，能有效降低灌水量，提高水分利用率，是最优处理，可以在实践中予以推广。

Effects of Water Supply Location in Anegative Pressure Irrigation System on Tomato Growth and Water Use Efficiency

Objective] The specific effects of negative head irrigation system on tomato growth, irrigation method, and water utilization efficiency were studied in order to provide scientific references for improving the technical system of negative head irrigation and for improving the efficient utilization of water resources.Methods] A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of water supply location on tomato growth, water requirement, yield, and water use efficiency by using negative pressure irrigation technology.Results] The location of the negative pressure water supply location had a significant effect on the growth and water use efficiency of tomato. The yields of plants irrigated with a single water-supplying disc buried vertically on one side of the root system and with a single water-supplying disc buried horizontally at the bottom of the root system were 14.3% and 0.5%, respectively, lower than the yield per plant irrigated with a water-supplying disc buried on each side of the root system and alternately supplying water. The growth and dry weight trends of above ground parts of tomato plants with alternate water supply on both sides of the root system were relatively small, but the root-shoot ratio was 33.3% greater than observed with the other two water supply locations. Moreover, the total water requirement of per plant for tomato plants irrigated with the alternate water supply on both sides of the root system was 24.7% and 17.4%, respectively, lower than with the other two water supply locations, and water use efficiency of single plant was 43.8% and 14.8% greater, respectively. Roots tended to grow more at the water supply source.Conclusion] Different negative water head buried irrigation water source locations significantly affected tomato growth parameters. In terms of effective utilization of water resources, promotion of tomato plant growth, and increase of tomato yield, the optimal treatment was the system of disks buried on both sides of the root system and supplying water alternately. This system can effectively reduce irrigation water amount and improve water utilization rate, and should be promoted as an effective production practice.