食葵联合收获割脱一体式割台设计与试验

针对食葵机械化收获过程割台损失大、葵盘输送过程籽粒表皮易划伤、脱粒过程籽粒破损严重等问题，根据食葵生物力学特性、种植模式及机械化收获要求，在传统割台的基础上增设脱粒装置，设计了集分禾、扶禾、拨禾、切割、输送及脱粒等功能于一体的食葵联合收获割台装置，葵盘在割台上实现脱粒，有效缩短了葵盘输送路径，为后续提高清选质量奠定基础。为降低割台损失，依据适收期食葵植株姿态，设计了一种不对行拨杆式拨禾轮，并设计了侧边倾角30°的分禾器，同时在相邻分禾器之间增加软毛刷收集碰撞飞溅籽粒；为减少脱粒过程籽粒破损，设计一种轴流螺旋滚筒式脱粒装置；基于物料抛送过程动力学和运动学分析，得出螺旋输送器拨板安装倾角为18°时葵盘较顺畅进入脱粒装置。为验证割台结构设计的可行性，开展了田间试验，结果表明，留茬高度为700 mm时，联合收获机在1.21～2.11 m/s范围内5组不同速度条件下进行田间作业，割台损失率不大于3%、未脱净率不大于2%、破损率不大于3%,均能够满足食葵收获要求。

Design and Experiment of Cutting Threshing Integrated Type Header for Harvesting of Edible Sunflower

In view of the problems such as large loss of mechanical harvesting of edible sunflowers, seeds skin easy scratching in transporting of sunflower discs and seeds seriously broken in threshing, a threshing device was added to the traditional cutting header, and a combined harvesting cutting header device was designed which integrated the functions of dividing, lifting grain, reel, cutting, transporting and threshing by the biomechanical characteristics of edible sunflower, planting mode and requirements of mechanical harvesting of edible sunflowers. The edible sunflower discs were threshed on the cutting header, which effectively shortened path of sunflower discs transport and laid the foundation for the subsequent improvement of cleaning quality. In order to reduce the loss of cutting header, a no-row reel was designed according to posture of edible sunflower plant during the maturity period. A divider with a side inclination angle of 30° was designed, while the soft brushes were added between adjacent divider to collect the collision splashed seeds. To reduce seed breaking in threshing, an axial flow spiral drum type threshing device was designed. Based on the kinetic and kinematic analysis of material throwing process, it was concluded that the sunflower discs entered threshing device more smoothly when the inclination angle of the screw conveyor switch-plate was determined to be 18°. In order to verify the feasibility of the design of cutting header structure, field experiment was conducted. The results showed that the combined harvester could meet the requirements of sunflower harvesting with a stubble height of 700mm and five different speed conditions in the range of 1.21~2.11m/s. The loss rate was no more than 3%, the un-threshing rate was no more than 2% and the breaking rate was no more than 3%. The research result can provide technical reference for the research and development of combined sunflower harvesting machinery and equipment.