基于专利和产品登记的酸性土壤调理剂创新计量分析

为明确酸性土壤调理剂产业科技创新现状及未来发展趋势，本文以德温特专利数据库与国家农业农村部肥料登记与备案公开信息为数据源，共获取300篇专利与158个产品登记信息，借助Excel及R语言对年授权专利量/登记量、研究机构/登记机构、原料信息等进行计量与关联性可视化分析。结果显示，2014年以来，酸性土壤调理剂专利授权及产品登记数量快速增加，高校和企业酸性土壤调理剂专利申请占比分别为32.7%和67.3%。从物料信息上来看，23.4%的登记产品组成物料为3种及以上，且物料以矿产资源以及工农废弃物利用为主，矿物类物料出现频率高达96.2%；专利物料组成多样化，66.3%专利组成物料为5种及以上，多以2~3种工艺联产，且高分子材料、微生物菌剂等出现频率明显提升。从产品形态来看，授权专利与登记产品形态以粉剂为主，颗粒型产品占比呈现明显上升趋势。从功能来看，酸性土壤调理剂专利创新注重调酸与养分补充、结构改良等功能结合，而登记产品注重酸度改良效果与废弃物资源化利用。未来应强化专利技术向产品的应用转化，注重颗粒型多功能酸性土壤调理剂产品，切实推动我国酸性耕地改良及可持续利用。

Bibliometric Analysis of Acid Soil Conditioners Based on Patents and Products Database

Bibliometric and correlation visualization analysis were carried out to clarifies the current innovation status and the future trend of acid soil conditioner industry. The database includes 300 patents, 158 products and related institution, raw material information etc., and established from Derwent patent database and registered product in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Results show that the number of granted patents and registered products has increased rapidly since 2014, universities and enterprises are dominating in acid soil conditioner patents, accounting for 32.7% and 67.3% respectively. As from the perspective of composition, only 23.4% of the registered products consist more than 3 kinds of materials, and mainly produced from mineral resources, industrial and agricultural wastes, with a frequency of 96.2% for minerals. While, the granted patents show great diversification in composition, 66.3% of the patents contain more than 5 kinds of materials and matching with 2-3 kinds of process technologies. Moreover, the frequency of polymer materials and microbial bacterium are obvious increased in granted patents. The dosage forms are mainly powders in granted patents and in registered products, but the proportion of granular products shows a clearly increasing trend. As from the function perspective, the patents innovation of acid soil conditioners prefers the combination of soil acidity regulation, nutrient supplementation and structural improvement, while registered products focus more on soil acidity neutralization and waste resource re-utilization. Therefore, we suggest to strengthen the transformation from patents into products and encourage the development of granular, multi-functional acid soil conditioner to promote the sustainable utilization of acidic arable land in China.