十足目异尾次目线粒体基因组比较分析及重排研究进展

近年来，线粒体基因组被广泛应用于物种鉴定、群体遗传、系统演化及适应性进化等领域。十足目异尾次目是一类体型介于虾类和蟹类之间高度特化的甲壳动物，在海洋生物系统演化研究中具有十分重要的意义。然而，与短尾次目相比，人们对异尾次目线粒体基因组关注度明显不足；迄今为止对该类群线粒体基因组及基因重排现象仍缺乏系统全面的了解。本研究综述了异尾次目线粒体基因组的研究现状，并对GenBank数据库已公布的26种异尾次目线粒体基因组全序列进行了比较分析，总结了该类群线粒体基因组的基本特征。在此基础上，首次分析了该类群线粒体基因组常见的重排类型及可能的重排机制。比较发现异尾次目线粒体基因组均发生了重排，表现为15种不同重排类型；这些重排事件都可以用复制-随机丢失模型和线粒体内重组模型进行合理的解释。综述还对重排现象在异尾次目系统发育中的应用进行了探讨，以期为异尾次目线粒体基因组进化及系统发育研究提供科学依据。

Progress in comparative analysis and rearrangement of Anomuran (Crustacea: Decapoda) mitogenomes

Due to the features of maternal inheritance, simple structure, conserved organization, small genome size, and high mutation rate, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) has been widely employed in population genetics, comparative genomics, and phylogenetic studies. The body type of Anomura (Crustacea: Decapoda) is between shrimps and crabs, which is of great significance in the study of system evolution. Compared with Brachyra, the closest relative, there has been a significant lack of attention to the study of Anomuran mitogenomes. So far, the mitogenome and gene rearrangement of this group have not been systematically and comprehensively understood. In this study, the research history and development on Anmouran mitogenomes have been briefly reviewed. We compared 26 Anomuran mitogenomes published in GenBank and summarized the fundamental features of these mitogenomes. The common rearrangement types and possible mechanisms of Anomuran mitogenomes were further analyzed. Using the ancestral gene arrangement of crustaceans as a reference, we summarized the mitogenomes of 26 Anomuran species into 15 rearrangement patterns. Gene rearrangement analysis of these mitogenomes showed that only two types of rearrangements were found, including translocation and inversion. Besides, we found that all these rearrangements can be reasonably explained by two rearrangement mechanisms, tandem duplication/random loss and intramitochondrial recombination. Finally, the application of rearrangement in the phylogeny of this taxon was discussed.