腐熟羊粪有机肥配施无机肥对植烟土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的影响

为了探究腐熟羊粪有机肥与无机肥配施对洛阳烟区植烟土壤微生物群落结构和土壤肥力特性的影响，采用盆栽控制试验和高通量测序技术，研究了不施肥（CK）、100%无机氮肥（T0）、50%羊粪有机肥氮+50%无机氮肥（T50）和100%羊粪有机肥氮（T100）4个处理下植烟土壤细菌和真菌群落结构及多样性的差异，并结合土壤理化性质分析了土壤肥力指标与土壤微生物多样性的关系。结果表明：植烟土壤细菌优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria），土壤真菌优势菌门为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）；T50处理的变形菌门、酸杆菌门和子囊菌门相对丰度最高，但放线菌门和担子菌门相对丰度最低；NMDS分析和相似性分析发现，T50处理的土壤微生物群落结构与其他处理差异显著；Alpha多样性分析也表明，T50处理土壤细菌和真菌群落的丰富度和多样性最高。不同处理土壤理化性质和土壤关键酶活性差异显著，以T50处理土壤养分含量和土壤碳氮代谢酶的活性最高；Pearson相关性分析显示，土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量及蛋白酶和脲酶活性与植烟土壤微生物多样的关系最为密切。总之，采用腐熟羊粪有机肥和无机肥配施通过影响植烟土壤细菌和真菌群落结构和多样性，促进了土壤养分的释放和转化，有利于土壤养分的供应和土壤质量的提升，研究结果为洛阳烟区应用羊粪有机肥改良土壤提供了理论依据。

Effects of Combined Application of Organic Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer on Structure and Diversity of Microbial Community in Tobacco-growing Soil

In order to explore the influences of combined application of sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on soil microbial community structure and soil fertility in tobacco-growing area of Luoyang, a pot experiment was conducted and high-throughput sequencing techniques was used to study the differences in community structure and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi under four fertilization treatments, no fertilizer (CK), 100% inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (T0), 50% sheep manure organic nitrogen fertilizer +50% inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (T50), and 100% sheep manure organic nitrogen fertilizer (T100). And the relationship between soil physiochemical properties and soil microbial diversity were analyzed. And the results showed that the dominant soil bacteria phyla were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria, while the dominant soil fungi phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Compared with other treatments, T50 had the highest relative abundances in Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Ascomycota and the lowest relative abundances of in Actinobacteria and Basidiomycota. NMDS analysis and similarity analysis showed that soil microbial community structure of T50 was significantly different from those of other treatments. Alpha diversity analysis also showed that T50 had the highest richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities. Soil physicochemical properties and soil key enzyme activities were significantly different under the four treatments, and T50 had the highest soil nutrient contents and soil carbon and nitrogen metabolizing enzyme activities. Pearson correlation analysis showed that soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, protease and urease activities were most closely related to soil microbial diversity. In summary, combined application of sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizers can promote the release and transformation of soil nutrients by affecting the community structure and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi, which are conducive to the supply of soil nutrients and the improvement of soil quality. The results provide a theoretical basis for the application of sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer to improve soil quality in tobacco-growing areas of Luoyang.