黄淮麦区小麦抗赤霉病种质创制和避病品种选育

为选育黄淮麦区的抗赤霉病高产小麦新品种，对495份普通小麦和长穗偃麦草（十倍体）杂交后代进行赤霉病抗性鉴定，发现兰小偃麦6号、兰小偃麦15号2个与苏麦3号抗性相当的抗赤霉病材料及一批赤霉病抗性中抗以上的种质及新品系，表明利用普通小麦和多年生长穗偃麦草杂交可以选育抗赤霉病且适应黄淮麦区种植的中早熟小麦品种（系），采用此法选育出天民363、天民369等对赤霉病中抗或中感品种（系）进入黄淮麦区国家或省级试验。分析了黄淮麦区近16年四月份的气象条件，结果发现可以通过选育早抽穗避病品种（系）的途径减轻甚至避免赤霉病的危害。培育出天民198早抽穗避病品种（系），已累计推广约2.67×10⁶ hm²，其早熟避病、抗倒春寒、稳产高产已经得到充分验证，在黄淮麦区具有较好的应用推广前景。

Innovation of Wheat Scab Resistant Germplasm and Breeding of Disease Resistant Varieties in Huanghuai Wheat Region

In order to breed new wheat varieties with high yield and resistance to scab in Huanghuai wheat region, 495 hybrids of common wheat and Elytrigia elongata(decaploid) were analyzed for scab resistance. It was found that LanTrititrigia 6 and LanTrititrigia 15 were two scab resistant materials, equivalent to Sumai 3, and a batch of germplasm and new lines showedmore than moderate resistance to scab.The results showed that the medium and early maturing wheat varieties(lines) resistant to scab and suitable for planting in Huanghuai wheat region canbe selected by crossing common wheat with perennial growth Agropyron paniculatum. Tianmin 363, Tianmin 369 and other varieties(lines) that were moderately resistant or susceptible to scab were selected and entered the national or provincial trials in Huanghuai wheat region. The meteorological conditions in April of the last 16 years in Huanghuai wheat region were discussed. The results showed that the harm of scab canbe reduced or even avoided by breeding early heading varieties(lines) to avoid disease. Tianmin 198, Tianmin 116, Tianmin 118, Tianmin 135, Tianmin 168 and other five early heading disease resistantvarieties (lines) were cultivated. Tianmin 198 has been promoted for more than 2.67×10⁶ hm² in total. Its early maturity disease avoidance, resistance to late spring coldness, stable yield and high yield have been fully verified, and has a good application and promotion prospect in the Huanghuai wheat region.