磷石膏无害化改性及其在农田土壤改良中的应用研究进展

工业废弃物资源化利用是全球关注的热点问题，磷石膏（Phosphogypsum，PG）无害化改性及在土壤改良中的资源化应用是缓解磷化工产业废弃物大量堆积问题的重要途径之一。本文首先回顾了磷石膏在农田土壤改良中调控酸性及受污染土壤、补充土壤养分及提高氮素利用效率、缓解连作障碍和促进作物生长、降低农田温室气体碳排放等方面的应用和效果，并总结了存在的环境风险。进而，从物理、化学、生物及其他技术方面系统探讨了磷石膏在农业资源化应用过程中需进行的无害化改性措施，阐明了改性磷石膏的主要作用机理（阴离子吸附、调控pH、增效缓释、调控根区微生物环境等）。最后，提出了无害化改性磷石膏在农业资源化利用过程中尚待解决的科学问题及研究方向，以期为我国磷石膏资源化利用研究及磷化工产业的可持续发展提供科学依据。

Phosphogypsum (PG) Harmless Modification and Its Application in Farmland Soil Improvement: A Review

The resource utilization of industrial waste is a hot issue in the world. The harmless modification of phosphogypsum (PG) and its application in soil improvement is one of the key measures to alleviate the massive accumulation of wastes in phosphorus chemical industry. This paper first reviewed the effects of PG use in agricultural soil improvement, such as in regulating acid and contaminated soil, supplementing soil nutrients and improving nitrogen use efficiency, alleviating continuous cropping obstacles, promoting crop growth, reducing greenhouse gas carbon emissions, and environmental risks in the long-term direct return process. The harmless modification technology of PG in the process of agricultural utilization was systematically overviewed from the aspects of physical, chemical, biological and other technologies, and the main function mechanisms of modified PG were further expounded (anion adsorption, pH regulation, increasing efficiency and slow release, regulation of microbial environment in root zone). Finally, the scientific problems to be solved in the process of agricultural utilization of harmless modified PG were summarized to provide rational basis for future research of PG and sustainable development of phosphorus chemical industry in our country.