Spatial variability of glyphosate mineralization and soil microbial characteristics in two Norwegian sandy loam soils as affected by surface topographical features |
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Authors: | Marianne Stenrød Marie-Paule Charnay Ole Martin Eklo |
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Institution: | a Department of Herbology, Plant Protection Centre, Norwegian Crop Research Institute, Høgskoleveien 7, N-1432 Ås, Norway b Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway c Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (UMR INRA INA-PG), Environnement et Grandes Cultures, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France |
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Abstract: | The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of surface topographical features on the spatial variability of glyphosate degradation and some microbial characteristics in sandy loam soil. Soil samples were taken from the ploughed layer across an agricultural field after seedbed preparation for grain (Grue site), and down to 1 m depth under a ridge tilled field (Målselv site), both sites having similar soil textural characteristics (sandy loam soil). Laboratory experiments were performed looking at glyphosate mineralization and soil microbial activity at the Grue site, as well as microbial biomass, activity and substrate utilization patterns at the Målselv site. Microbial biomass and activity decreased, and substrate utilization patterns changed with increasing soil depth, reflecting naturally occurring changes in quantity and quality of soil organic carbon. Further, our results show that considerable spatial heterogeneity in the degradation rate of glyphosate and general carbon utilization exists even across small areas within a single agricultural field. This horizontal variability was observed over several spatial scales, and could not be clearly explained. It evidently arose from differences in environmental factors affecting microbial activity and growth, and topographical features controlling redistribution of water and matter flow patterns were correlated to the investigated soil microbial variables. |
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Keywords: | Soil microbial biomass Biolog EcoPlate Organic C mineralization Glyphosate degradation Surface topography |
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