广东南岭国家级自然保护区南华杜鹃群落学研究

通过样方调查,对广东南岭国家级自然保护区管理局秤架管理处辖区内海拔1 500 m左右的南华杜鹃(Rhododendron simiarum)的物种组成、群落结构和物种多样性进行分析。结果表明,在1 600 m2的样地内共有维管束植物52科79属121种(变种),以泛热带成分为主,热带和温带成分也有一定的比例,表现出较为明显的过渡性质;群落组成以南华杜鹃为绝对优势种,其优势地位非常明显;群落分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层3层,层间植物稀少;按Raunkiaer标准,群落内的种群频度为1%～20%的种类占优势,为总种数的60%;南华杜鹃种群中,大龄树占优势,表明该地的南华杜鹃种群处于衰退阶段,Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和均匀度指数等均表现出相同的趋势,为乔木层>草本层>灌木层。

Community Characteristics of Rhododendron simiarum in Nanling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong

Based on a field investigation,the floristic composition,structure,physiognomy and species diversity of a Rhododendron simiarum community in Nanling National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province were analyzed.Results showed that there were 121 vascular species,belonging to 79 genera and 52 families.Pantropic elements were the dominant,followed by tropical and temperate elements which showed obvious transitional characteristics.The community was obviously dominated by Rhododendron simiarum.The vertical structure of the community was composed of arbor,shrub and herb layers,and interlayer species were poor.According to the Raunkiaer Frequency Law,species in 1%-20% occurrence frequency dominated the community,accounting for 60% of the total species.Young trees of the Rhododendron simiarum population were less,indicating that the population was in the state of being degraded.The diversity indices,such as Simpson dominance index,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index,showed similar trend,with arbor layer >liana layer>herb layer> shrub layer in the community.