限水灌溉对棉花生育和产量的影响

采取简易坑测与田间小区相结合的方式,以每次灌水量对棉花生育的影响及其产量效应进行了初步研究。结果表明,适时适量灌水,通过对生长发育进程的协调作用,促进棉株成铃数增加0.9~1.8个,铃重增加0.23~0.39g,衣分增加0.6%~1.3%,总产皮棉增加15.7%~28.1%,灌水效益达0.26~0.44kg/m3。但增产效益与灌水量不是成比例增加,水量过多易诱发疯长,成铃减少,棉铃素质下降,对产量不利。从经济效益角度,在初花至盛花期,每次灌水450~675m3/hm2为宜。

Effect of Limited Irrigation on Development and Yield of Cotton

With the experiment method of combining simple hollow with field plots, the effect of development of cotton and its yield was studied preliminarily by irrigation amount per time. The results showed that through coordinating development progress, the irrigation promoted the cotton development at the right amount and right moment, the boll productivity increased in 0.9~1.8 per plant, boll weight increased in 0.23~0.39g, lint percent increased in 0.6~1.3% and total lint yield increased in 15.7%~28.1% compared with that of no irrigation growing field. Irrigation efficiency came to 0.26~0.44kg/m3. However, yield effect was not in direct proportion as amount of irrigation. The cotton overgrowth was coursed by over-irrigation, which reduced yield. According to economic effect, the irrigation amount, which is 450~675m3/hm2, is better from first-flowering time to height-flowering one.