杉木生物系统学研究(Ⅰ)

我国杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb)Hook)自然分布区内57个地点(群体)球果、种子、针叶的20个性状研究结果表明:所有性状各群体间的差异均达极显著的程度;各性状绝大部份群体内变幅小于群体间变幅;各性状的个体频率分布呈正态,但峰度和偏度不同。 杉木叶片内树脂道数是变异最大的一个性状,每一叶片内的个数为1～7个,变异系数群体间为30.6％,群体内为0～66.4％。相关分析的结果表明:(一)同器官(叶、球果、种子)同类性质的性状(如叶长和叶宽)相关特别显著;不同器官和不同性质性状间无一定的显著相关关系。(二)、叶长和经度成正相关,而与纬度成负相关,因而在杉木分布区中,由东南到西北方向,叶片长表现为由大到小的渐变趋势;叶宽和经度成正相关;叶厚与纬度成正相关,但均有例外。其它性状与经纬度相关不明显,表明杉木性状的变异比较复杂,无一定的地理变异模式。

A STUDY ON BIOSYSTEMATICS OF Cunninghamia lanceolata ( I )

The cones, seeds and needles of Chinese-fir were collected at (different) 57 locations ( or populations ) from 15 provinces and autonomous regions in south China. 20 kinds of features in cone, seed and needle were studied. The results obtained from this study were shown that it had an extremely significant differences in all features between the populations; the variation in all features within most of the populations is smaller than the variation between populations, the individual frequency of all the features exhibited a normal distribution, but their peak degree and bias degree were found to be different. The most variable features laid in the numbers of resin canal in the needle of Chinese-fir, which ranged from 1 to 7 for each needle. The variant coeffici ent of resin canal numbers proved to be 30.6% between the populations and 0-66.2% within a population. The results from correlative analysis were summarized as follows. The especially significant correlations were found between the same kinds of features(e. g. needle, cone and seed), but no significant correlations were seen between the different kinds of features in the different kinds of organs. There was a positive correlation between needle length and longitude; and a negative correlation between needle length and latitude, the needle length, therefore showed a gradually decreasing tendancy from southeast to north west in the distribution areas of Chinese-fir. There was a positive correlation between needle width and longitude and so was between needle thickness and latitude , but some exceptions occured in them. No significant correlations were found between other features, and langtude. This indicated that the variation of Chinese-fir features was comparatively complicated and had not a constant model in its geographic variation.