不同类型全生物降解地膜对芋头产量和土壤环境的影响

芋头是江苏省特色经济作物,栽培面积大,地膜使用率高,但是地膜回收困难、无法自然降解所造成的环境污染,不利于江苏芋头产业的规模化、持续性发展。本试验以聚乙烯(PE)普通地膜为对照,研究聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)和聚乳酸(PLA)全生物降解地膜对芋头产量和土壤环境的影响。结果表明:PLA全生物降解地膜在提高出苗率、促进芋头营养生长方面效果明显,产量较PE地膜增产18.1%~27.3%,开裂时期较为适宜,控制杂草效果较好,能够有效降低人工成本,经济上可行;当年降解率达到80%以上,土壤残膜经1年左右自然降解和清除后,基本对作物生产无影响,可以作为江苏芋头生产中普通PE地膜的替代产品。

Effects of Different Types Full Biodegradation Film on Taro Yield and Soil Environment

Taro is a special cash crop in Jiangsu Province.It has large cultivated area and high utilization rate of mulch film.However,it is very difficult to recycle mulch film.The inability of naturally degrading it has caused environmental pollution,which are unfavorable for large-scale and sustainable development of taro industry in Jiangsu Province.Taking ordinary polyethylene(PE)mulch film as the contrast,this paper studied the effects of poly butylene adipate-co-terephthalate(PBAT)full biodegradation film,and poly lactic acid(PLA)full biodegradation film on taro yield and soil environment.The results showed that the PLA full biodegradation film exhibited obvious effects on improving emergence rate and promoting taro nutritional growth.Compaired with PE mulch,the taro yield using PLA full biodegradation film was increased by 18.1%-27.3%.The cracking period of the PLA full biodegradation film was more suitable,and its effect on controlling weed was better.PLA full biodegradation film could also effectively reduce the labor cost,being economically feasible.In the same year,its mulch degradation rate reached over 80%.About one year later the residual soil film was naturally degraded and elimilated.Basically,it had no effect on crop production,and could be used as a substitute of common PE mulch film in Jiangsu taro production.