Global impact of mutation-derived varieties |
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Authors: | BS Ahloowalia M Maluszynski K Nichterlein |
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Institution: | (1) Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria |
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Abstract: | During the past seventy years, worldwide more than 2250 varieties have been released that have been derived either as direct
mutants or from their progenies. Induction of mutations with radiation has been the most frequently used method for directly
developed mutant varieties. The prime strategy in mutation-based breeding has been to upgrade the well-adapted plant varieties
by altering one or two major traits, which limit their productivity or enhance their quality value. In this paper, the global
impact of mutation-derived varieties on food production and quality enhancement is presented. In addition, the economic contribution
of the selected mutant varieties of rice, barley, cotton, groundnut, pulses, sunflower, rapeseed and Japanese pear is discussed.
In several mutation-derived varieties, the changed traits have resulted in synergistic effect on increasing the yield and
quality of the crop, improving agronomic inputs, crop rotation, and consumer acceptance. In contrast to the currently protected
plant varieties or germplasm and increasing restrictions on their use, the induced mutants have been freely available for
plant breeding. Many mutants have made transnational impact on increasing yield and quality of several seed-propagated crops.
Induced mutations will continue to have an increasing role in creating crop varieties with traits such as modified oil, protein
and starch quality, enhanced uptake of specific metals, deeper rooting system, and resistance to drought, diseases and salinity
as a major component of the environmentally sustainable agriculture. Future research on induced mutations would also be important
in the functional genomics of many food crops.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | crop improvement economic impact induced mutations mutant value mutant variety |
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