仟金方复合肥对黄金茶产量及品质的影响*

为探究鄂中仟金方复合肥对茶叶生长的影响,以江西省万安县的黄金茶为供试材料,研究了不同复合肥处理对茶叶产量及品质的影响。结果表明：在速效养分含量偏低的酸性茶园土壤上,施用仟金方复合肥可以显著提高黄金茶叶的产量及品质。与市售复合肥(16-10-16)相比,仟金方复合肥(12-6-24)和(18-10-14)处理的茶青产量分别提高13.85%和10.25%。茶叶品质指标(包括茶多酚、游离氨基酸、儿茶素、咖啡碱、可溶性糖、黄酮类物质)的含量出现不同程度的上升,增幅为11.21%~47.37%,且仟金方复合肥(12-6-24)处理优于仟金方复合肥(18-10-14)处理。显微分析发现：与未施肥处理或市售复合肥处理相比,仟金方复合肥(12-6-24)处理的茶叶叶片变厚,栅栏组织排列紧凑,单位面积的海绵组织中叶绿体的数量较市售复合肥处理提高了12.5%-17.5%。这表明,施用仟金方复合肥(12-6-24)能增强茶叶光合作用,促进碳水化合物累积,从而提高茶叶产量及品质,值得在茶叶上大面积推广。

Effect of Qianjinfang Compound Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Golden Tea

In order to explore the effect of Qianjinfang compound fertilizer on tea yield and quality, the effects of different compound fertilizer treatments on golden tea yield and quality of tea were studied in in Wan"an County, Jiangxi Province. The results showed that the application of Qianjinfang compound fertilizer could significantly improve the yield and quality of golden tea on the acid tea garden soil with low content of available nutrients. In comparison to the commercially available compound fertilizer (16-10-16), the yield of green tea treated with qianjinfang compound fertilizer (12-6-24) and (18-10-14) increased by 13.85% and 10.25% respectively. The contents of tea quality indexes (including tea polyphenols, free amino acids, catechins, caffeine, soluble sugar and flavonoids) increased in varying degrees, with an increase of 11.21% ~ 47.37%. Qianjinfang compound fertilizer (12-6-24) was better than qianjinfang compound fertilizer (18-10-14). Results from microscopic analysis indicated that compared with no fertilizer treatment or commercial compound fertilizer treatment, the leaves of tea treated with qianjinfang compound fertilizer (12-6-24) became thicker, the arrangement of palisade tissue was compact, and the number of chloroplasts in sponge tissue per unit area increased by 12.5% - 17.5% in comparison to commercial compound fertilizer treatment. The above results show that the application of Qianjinfang compound fertilizer (12-6-24) can enhance the photosynthesis of tea leaves and promote the accumulation of carbohydrates, so as to improve the yield and quality of tea, which is worthy to be popularized in a large area.