珍稀濒危植物蒜头果传粉生物学研究

2003—2005年在广西巴马县对我国特有的珍稀濒危植物蒜头果花部形态特征、开花进程、繁育系统、访花者类别、访花行为和传粉效果进行了研究。结果表明:①蒜头果通常于4月初开花，花期约30 d，单花开放的持续时间约8 d，开花期间具有较为浓烈的香气。②蒜头果虽然具备自交亲和能力，但在自然环境中则以异花传粉为主，且需要传粉者；蒜头果不存在无融合生殖，其繁育系统属于混合交配型。③记录到蒜头果访花昆虫共有8目36科43种；经过鉴定，确定传粉昆虫有7目18科19种；昆虫的访花频率因昆虫的种类不同而有很大的差别，以蜂类的访花频率最高。④连续3年观察到的传粉昆虫种类不同，花期阴雨天气对昆虫访花活动和传粉效果的影响是蒜头果濒危的重要原因之一。 

Pollination biology of rare and endangered species Malania oleifera Chun et Lee

The rare and endangered species Malania oleifera Chun et Lee was investigated from 2003 to 2005 in terms of morphological characteristics,flowering process,breeding system,species of visiting insects and their foraging behavior,pollination efficiency.The results show that: 1) M.oleifera usually flowers in early April,the florescence is about 30 days,the duration of florets is about eight days with a very dense fragrance during its florescence;2) The species is self-compatible,but it cannot self-pollinate spontaneously under natural conditions.The out-crossing is its main pollination pattern and pollinators are required.There is no apomixes in M.oleifera and its breeding system is mixed with self-pollination and out-crossing;3) Forty-three species of visiting insects,which belong to eight orders,36 families,are recorded,and 19 species pollinators,which belong to seven orders,18 families,are determined.The species of insect visitors differ in visiting rate with the highest of bees;4) Species of pollination insects recorded in the three years are different,and the effect of rainy days during the florescence on the activities of visiting insects and pollination efficiency might be one of the crucial reasons of its endangerment.