不同花粉介质对烤烟授粉效果及种子质量的影响

为保证烤烟不育系和杂交种的种子质量及产量,降低种子生产成本,本试验采用可溶性淀粉、纯藕粉和葡萄糖粉与云烟87纯花粉按重量比0.5∶1,1∶1,2∶1和3∶1的比例分别混合配成介质花粉,以纯花粉为对照,研究不同花粉介质对烤烟授粉效果和种子质量的影响。结果表明:在纯花粉中添加适量的花粉介质授粉,可以提高雄性不育(MS)云烟87成果率、单果粒数和单果种子重量,且不影响种子质量。其中,可溶性淀粉和葡萄糖粉作为花粉介质效果较好,与纯花粉分别按照1∶1和0.5∶1的重量比混合后授粉,成果率分别显著提高了6.86%和5.13%(P0.05),单果粒数分别显著提高了14.07%和10.89%(P0.05),单果种子重量分别显著提高了14.68%和10.34%(P0.05),对种子质量影响不显著。该技术应用于烤烟不育系和杂交种种子生产,能节约花粉用量,降低单位重量种子的生产成本。

Effects of Different Pollen Media on Pollination and Seed Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

In order to guarantee sterile and hybrid seed quality and yield of flue cured tobacco, reduce production cost, the effects of different pollen media on pollination and seed quality of flue cured tobacco “Yunyan 87” (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were investigated in this study. Pure pollen from Yunyan 87 were dulited with soluble starch, lotus root starch and glucose powder at the proportions of 05∶1, 1∶1, 2∶1 and 3∶1 (diluent∶ pollens W/W), using pure pollen as control. The results showed that male sterile (MS) Yunyan 87 obtained higher fruit setting rate, seed number per capsule and seed weight per capsule compared to the control, when suitable amount of soluble starch, lotus root starch and glucose powder were added in pure pollen. The soluble starch (1∶1,W/W) and glucose powder (0.5∶1,W/W) as pollen media had better effects, which significantly increased the fruit setting rate by 6.86% and 5.13% (P<0.05)，respectively, significantly increased the seed number per capsule by 14.07% and 10.89% (P<0.05), respectively, significantly increased the seed weight per capsule by 14.68% and 10.34% (P<0.05), respectively. The results suggested that soluble starch and glucose powder could be used as pollen extenders in sterile and hybrid seed production of flue cured tobacco to reduce the application amount of pure pollen and the production cost of unit weight seed.