基肥结合喷氮对冬小麦产量和品质及植株氮素状况的影响

为了给小麦高产、优质栽培和育种提供理论依据,就不同基肥水平结合叶面喷氮对不同类型冬小麦品种的产量、品质及植株氮素状况的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明,施用基肥并结合生育后期叶面喷氮能显著提高籽粒粗蛋白含量和产量,无基肥区喷氮的作用显著大于施基肥区的;施基肥结合喷氮对籽粒赖氨酸无明显作用;施基肥区喷氮降低了籽粒容重。提高产量改善品质的最佳喷氮时期一般在开花期,但因品种类型、基肥基础而不同,春性品种无基肥区最佳喷氮时期提早到抽穗期,而施基肥区则推迟到灌浆期。通过对植株硝酸还原酶活性及粗蛋白含量的分析,叶面喷氮能否使灌浆开始后植株顶三叶硝酸还原酶活性出现峰值、激发顶三叶含氮物运入籽粒,使籽粒蛋白质稀释得到抑制或补偿,与其对籽粒粗蛋白含量和产量作用的大小密切相关。

Effect of Combining Basal s with Spraying Nitrogen during the Later Period on Yield, Quality and the Plant Nitrogen Status of Winter Wheat

Effects of combining basals with spraying nitrogen on leaf during the later period on yield, quality and the nitrogen metabolism of winter wheat were studied. The results showed that the grain protein contents and yields were increased significantly. The grain lysine content was not affected obviously. The functions of spraying nitrogen on leaf in no basal plots were larger than that in basal plots. The grain volume weight was lowered only in basal plots. The optimum period of spraying nitrogen on leaf for high yielding and good quality was at anthesis generally, but it was different at different variety types and basal levels, e.g. It was at heading stage in no basal plots, at filling stage in basal plot for spring variety. After spraying nitrogen on leaf, whether the nitrate reductase activity of top 3 leaves after filling beginning had peak value or not and wheather the nitrogen of top 3 leaves was motivated into grain or not, was positively relative with the effects of increasing grain protein content and yield.