UV dosage levels in summer: increased risk of ozone loss from convectively injected water vapor |
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Authors: | James G Anderson David M Wilmouth Jessica B Smith David S Sayres |
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Institution: | Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. anderson@huarp.harvard.edu |
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Abstract: | The observed presence of water vapor convectively injected deep into the stratosphere over the United States can fundamentally change the catalytic chlorine/bromine free-radical chemistry of the lower stratosphere by shifting total available inorganic chlorine into the catalytically active free-radical form, ClO. This chemical shift markedly affects total ozone loss rates and makes the catalytic system extraordinarily sensitive to convective injection into the mid-latitude lower stratosphere in summer. Were the intensity and frequency of convective injection to increase as a result of climate forcing by the continued addition of CO(2) and CH(4) to the atmosphere, increased risk of ozone loss and associated increases in ultraviolet dosage would follow. |
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