辽宁省黑土区水土流失及防治对策

黄河下游的防洪工程在保护两岸防洪安全方面发挥了重要作用，但也对沿线生态环境产生了相当的负面影响。黄河下游防洪工程具有线长、点多，以土石结构为主等特点。若从单个工程来看，其环境影响不大，但从整个工程体系来看，其对环境的影响不容忽视：绵长的工程干扰了河道内外的自然平衡，影响了生物多样性；干支流上防洪水库的调蓄对水沙系列的削减作用对河口生态也产生了一定的负面影响；防洪工程的建设则会诱发新的水土流失。最后，根据人与自然协调发展的原则，探讨了改善防洪工程生态环境影响的对策。

Soil and Water Loss and Anti-erosion Countermeasures in Chernozem Region of Liaoning Province

The flood control projects of the lower reaches of the Yellow River are important to the safety of the zone, but they also have some negative impacts on the environment. The flood control system is extensive and covers different sites, primarily characterized by soil and stone. Single projects have limited environmental impact, but as the impact of the system as a whole cannot be ignored. The system of projects disturbs natural processes within and out of the river. The flood control reservoirs reduce the flow to the estuary, which affects the estuary ecosystem. Construction of projects induces soil and water loss. This paper proposes eco-environmental friendly measures for flood-control projects based on the principles of sustainable development.