基于Ecopath模型的獐子岛人工鱼礁海域生态系统结构和功能变化

为了研究獐子岛海洋牧场的生态系统结构和功能,基于Ecopath with Ecosim 6.4软件,构建了獐子岛人工鱼礁区生态系统2010—2012年夏季的Ecopath模型,分析了3个时期海域生态系统的能量流动结构和功能变化,模型由23个功能组构成,基本覆盖了该海域生态系统能量流动的全过程。结果表明:2010—2012年夏季獐子岛海域人工鱼礁区生态系统中,虾夷扇贝Patinopecten yessoensis、许氏平鲉Sebastes schlegelii和大泷六线鱼Hexagrammos otakii等生物营养级升高;皱纹盘鲍Haliotis discus hannai的猎物重叠度指数平均值从0.123升至0.139,捕食重叠度指数平均值从0.112升至0.165,许氏平鲉的捕食重叠度指数平均值从0.063升至0.185,大泷六线鱼的捕食重叠度平均值从0.062升至0.132;该生态系统能量转化效率由2010年夏季的11.1%升至2012年夏季的14.4%;3个时期獐子岛人工鱼礁区生态系统的循环指数(FCI)值均大于0.1,再循环率较高,系统净生产力(NSP)值较高,杂食指数(SOI)从0.136升至0.172,联结指数(CI)从0.203升至0.224,平均能流路径(MPL)从2.555升至3.486。研究表明,獐子岛人工鱼礁区海域生态系统处于尚未稳定的成熟期。

Structure and function of an artificial reef ecosystem in Zhangzi Island based on Ecopath model

An Ecopath model of artificial reef ecosystem was established in the Zhangzi Island by the software known as Ecopath with Ecosim(EwE)6. 4 and the energy flow pattern and the system attributes were evaluated in the ecosystem in summer from 2010 to 2012 in order to investigate the structure and function of Zhangzi Island arti-ficial reef ecosystem. The model was found to be comprised of 23 functional groups, including the main processes of the energy flow in the artificial reef ecosystem in Zhangzi Island. The results showed that yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis, Schlegel’s rockfish Sebastes schlegelii, fat greenling Hexagrammos otakii and other marine organisms had higher trophic level value from summer in 2010 to summer in 2012 . The prey overlap index was found to be in-creased from 0 . 123 to 0 . 139 in disk abalone Haliotis discus hannai and the prey overlap index from 0 . 112 to 0 . 165 in disk abalone Haliotis discus hannai. The predator overlap index was increased from 0. 063 to 0. 185 in Schlegel’s rockfish and from 0. 062 to 0. 132 in fat greenling. The ecological efficiency(EE) index was increased from 11. 1%in summer of 2010 to 14. 4% in summer of 2012, with finn’s cycling index (FCI) of over 0. 1 and high net system production (NSP). The system omnivory index (SOI) was increased from 0. 136 to 0. 172,the connectance index (CI) from 0. 203 to 0. 224, and Finn’s mean path length (MPL) from 2. 555 to 3. 486 in Zhangzi Island artificial reef ecosystem in summer from 2010 to 2012. In conclusion,the Zhangzi Island artificial reef ecosystem was found to be in stable mature stage from 2010 to 2012 .