罗非鱼饲料中花生粕和发酵花生粕替代鱼粉的效果研究

为探究花生粕在罗非鱼饲料中的合理应用,分别以花生粕、发酵花生粕替代基础饲料(6%鱼粉,对照组)中鱼粉用量的1/3、2/3和3/3,制成7组饲料,在网箱(2.50 m×1.25 m×1.20 m)中饲养体质量为(68.0±0.4)g的奥尼罗非鱼Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus 8周,考察其对鱼体生长性能、肌肉常规成分、氨基酸组成和消化道蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明:当花生粕替代1/3鱼粉,发酵花生粕替代1/3、2/3鱼粉用量时,对鱼体增重率和饲料系数无显著影响(P0.05);当花生粕替代2/3、3/3鱼粉,发酵花生粕替代3/3鱼粉用量时,鱼体增重率显著下降(P0.05),饲料系数显著上升(P0.05);各处理组罗非鱼的肌肉水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分含量、必需氨基酸总量、非必需氨基酸总量、肝体比、脏体比均无显著性差异(P0.05);当花生粕替代2/3和3/3鱼粉用量时,鱼体胃蛋白酶活性显著降低(P0.05),但以发酵花生粕替代不同比例鱼粉时对胃蛋白酶活性无显著影响(P0.05),各处理组罗非鱼的肠蛋白酶活性无显著性差异(P0.05)。研究表明,在鱼粉含量为6%的奥尼罗非鱼饲料中,花生粕可替代鱼粉用量的1/3,发酵花生粕可替代鱼粉用量的2/3。

Replacement of fish meal with peanut meal and fermented peanut meal in diets of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus

A 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the influence of replacing fish meal by peanut meal and fermented peanut meal in diets on the growth performance, muscle composition ( including amino acid composi-tion) and protease activity in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus. The tilapia with body weight of 68. 0 g were reared in net cages (2. 50 m×1. 25 m×1. 20 m) disposed in tanks (5. 0 m×3. 0 m×1. 20 m) and fed seven isoni-trogenous diets,one control diet containing 6% fish meal, and six fish meal substituted diets in which fish meal was substituted by peanut meal and fermented peanut meal at a rate of 1/3 , 2/3 , and 3/3 . The results showed that there were no significant differences in weight gain ( WG) and feed conversion ratio ( FCR) in the fish fed the diets replacement of 1/3 fish meal by peanut meal, or the replacement of 1/3 and 2/3 fish meal by fermented peanut meal (P>0. 05). However, the tilapia fed the diets replacement of 2/3 and 3/3 fish meal by peanut meal, or the replacement of 3/3 fish meal by fermented peanut meal had significantly lower WG and higher FCR ( P<0 . 05 ) than the control fish. There were no significant differences in moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, essential amino-acids, non-essential amino acids in muscle, and viscerasomatic and hepatosomatic indices(P>0. 05). There was a significantly lower gastric protease activity in the fish fed diets replacement of 2/3 , 3/3 fish meal by peanut meal than that in the fish fed the control diet ( P<0 . 05 ) , but the replacement of fish meal by fermented peanut meal did not significantly affect the gastric protease activity(P>0. 05). There were no significant differences in the intestinal protease activity among all groups ( P>0 . 05 ) . It is concluded that 1/3 fish meal and 2/3 fish could be replaced by peanut meal and fermented peanut meal respectively in tilapia diet containing 6% fish meal.