生态环境变异对优质强筋小麦品质性状的影响

研究了同一优质小麦品种在河南省不同地点和土壤条件下种植所产生的主要品质性状的变异。结果表明,由北向南种植和从西向东种植,主要加工品质指标湿面筋含量和粉质仪稳定时间均有降低的趋势。其中。尤其以湿面筋含量的降低最为规律,分析认为这种规律性的变化主要与年降雨量的梯度变化有关。因而年降雨量是影响小麦品质的主要自然生态因子;测定了不同土壤养分含量状态下所生产商品麦的主要品质指标,表明湿面筋含量及稳定时间与土壤中的速效氮(NH4^ -N)含量均呈极显著的相关关系。因而增加氮肥用量可以改善品质。土壤中速效磷和速效钾含量对提高湿面筋含量并无多大作用,但与面团稳定时间存在着显著的正相关。河南省各地土壤的类型,土壤中大、中、微量元素的含量及其限制因素存在一定差异。因此,应根据其具体情况提出不同的平衡施肥方案以达到高产优质。

Effects of Environmental Variations to Main Quality Characters of the Strong Gluten Wheat

The variations of main quality characters of a strong-gluten wheat variety(Yumai 47) planted in different regions of Henan province were studied. The results showed that the main quality characters, such as wet-gluten content (WGC) and stability time (ST) in Farinograph, were decreased steadily along with reducing of the planting latitude from north to south and increasing of the longitude from west to east , especially for WGC, and this was considered as the results of the regular changes of the annual rainfall. Therefore, the annual rainfall was considered as one of the key factors to affect the wheat quality. The analysis of the values of main quality characters of the commercial wheat grains produced in different soils revealed a very significant correlation existed between NH_4~+-N content in soils and WGC or ST, and there had been found a significant positive correlation between the content of available P and K in soil and ST, while no such correlation for WGC. The schemes of balance application of fertilizer for different regions and soils were discussed.