山西省孝义市麦田土壤养分分布规律研究

采用网格取样的方法,在孝义市采集共2413个土壤样本,涵盖全市共3个土壤类型5个亚类,对土壤样品的有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、缓效钾、有效磷及有效态中微量元素等养分含量进行了测定与分析,以阐明孝义市麦田土壤的养分分布特征,指导孝义市科学合理施肥。研究结果表明:土壤有机质在不同亚类土壤的平均含量为8.86~23.26 g/kg,处于中等或缺乏水平,碱解氮为76.79~89.47 mg/kg,处于中等水平,有效磷为9.46~15.79 mg/kg,处于较丰富或中等水平,速效钾为139.11~207.74 mg/kg,处于较丰富、丰富或很丰富水平。这些养分在不同亚类土壤中的含量均存在显著差异,总体表现为在盐化潮土中最高,其次是石灰性褐土,在潮褐土、褐土性土、典型红粘土中含量比较低。在不同土壤亚类中,有机质、全氮和有效磷变异系数较高,而碱解氮、速效钾与缓效钾的变异则很低。而各有效态中微量元素的养分含量在不同亚类土壤中的规律则不甚一致,总体来说,除有效硼处于较低水平外,有效锰、有效铁、有效铜、有效锌均处于中等或高水平,且各有效态微量元素养分含量的变异都很低。在测土配方施肥中,应针对这些养分的分布特征,采取养分收支基本平衡策略进行优化施肥,以实现孝义市农业的可持续健康发展。

Distribution Characteristics of Wheat Field Soil Nutrient in Xiaoyi, Shanxi

This experiment was conducted in Xiaoyi City, Shanxi Province, and a total number of 2413 soil samples at 0-20 cm layers were collected by applying the grid sampling method, which covers 5 subtypes in all 3 soil types. Soil nutrients content such as organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, slowly available potassium and available medium trace elements were measured to clarify the distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and guide Xiaoyi city scientific and reasonable fertilization. The results showed that the mean spatial variation of soil organic matter in the subtypes of soils was 8.86~23.26 g/kg, which was in the medium or the lack of standards. The available nitrogen was 76.79~89.47 mg/kg, which was in the medium level. The available phosphorus was 9.46~15.79 mg/kg, which was in the rich or medium level. And the available potassium was 139.11~207.74 mg/kg, which was in the rich or very rich level. In addition, significant differences of these soil nutrients content were observed among subtypes of soils. In general, all these nutrients presented the highest values in salined flavo-aquic soil, and followed by calcareous cinnamon soil, and cinnamon soil, soil of cinnamon soil and typically red clay soil were relative lower. Meanwhile, the coefficient of variation of organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were higher in different subtypes of soil, and the coefficient of variation of available nitrogen, available potassium and slowly available potassium of mutation were very low. And the available medium trace elements nutrient content among different subtypes of soils were not very consistent. In general, in addition to relatively lower available boron, available manganese, available iron, available copper and available zinc were at medium or high levels, and the coefficient of variation of these available microelements nutrient content were all very low. Such distribution characteristics of soil nutrients should be considered to take nutrient basic balance strategy to optimize fertilization on a basis of soil testing, so as to achieve the development of Xiaoyi agriculture in a healthy and sustainable way.