山药种苗3种快繁技术比较研究

为解决生产中山药品种退化、种苗繁殖慢的问题，以‘晋山药1号’为试验材料，对山药组织培养快繁、山药段快繁、山药扦插3种快繁技术进行比较研究。对培养程序、种苗成活率、繁殖特点、繁殖系数等各项指标的考察分析。结果得出：采用组织培养时，以茎尖作为外植体优于有节茎段和无节茎段，不仅污染率低、繁殖系数高，同时还可对种苗进行脱毒，但生产程序复杂，对生产场地要求高；而采用扦插繁殖生产程序简单、周期短，但只适合种植周期为1~2年的品种；山药段快繁出苗晚，且需要消耗山药成品部分，在3种快繁方法中处于最劣势。由此得出结论，在生产中进行山药种苗快繁时，针对多年种植品种，应采用茎尖作为外植体的组织培养快繁，而种植周期短的品种，可采用扦插繁殖。

A Comparative Study on Three Techniques of Chinese Yam Seedling Propagation

In order to solve problems of variety degradation of yam seedling and slow propagation, a comparative study with jam variety ‘Jin yam No.1’ on tissue culture, yam section propagation and cutting propagation was conducted to investigate the training program, the survival rate of seedlings, the propagation characteristics and some other indicators. The results showed that for tissue culture, taking the stem tip as the explant was superior to the stem with segment and the stem without segment, and had lower contamination rate, higher propagation coefficient, and could be capable of seedling detoxification. But the propagation with the stem tip as explant had a complicated production process and higher demand for production site. On the contrary, the cutting propagation had a simple production process and a short productive cycle, but was only suitable for varieties with planting period of 1-2 years. The yam section propagation was for the late seedling emergence and consumed the finished yam section, which was the most inferior one in the three propagation methods. In conclusion, for seedling rapid propagation in production, the tissue culture of stem tip as explant is suitable for multi-year planting varieties, and the cutting propagation is suitable for the short planting period varieties.