开县罗汉麦与秦岭黑麦远缘杂交的受精和早期胚胎发育研究

目的]探讨开县罗汉麦与秦岭黑麦远缘杂交结实率低在胚胎学方面的原因。方法]采用人工有性杂交法，常规石蜡切片，观察远缘杂交的受精作用和早期胚胎发育。结果]大部分秦岭黑麦花粉能在小麦柱头上萌发，花粉管可顺利长入花柱和胚囊；在观察的192个小麦子房中，90．10％发生了双受精，形成胚和胚乳；1．04％发生了单卵受精，只形成胚而无胚乳；3．13％发生了单极核受精，只形成胚乳而无胚；总受精率为94．27％；成胚率为91．14％。结论]开县罗汉麦与秦岭黑麦的可杂交性高，但由于胚乳缺乏或发育异常及败育，最终难以获得有生活力的种子。

Study on the Fertilization and Early Embryo Development in the Cross between Triticum aestivum cv.Kaixianluohanmai and Secale cereale cv.Qinling

Objective] The aim of the research was to discuss the embryological reason of the low rate of seed set in wide hybridization between Triticum aestivum cv.Kaixianluohanmai and Qinling rye(Secale cereale cv.Qinling).Method] The processes of fertilization and early embryo development were observed by means of artificial hybridization and paraffin wax.Result] A majority of pollens produced by Qinling rye could germinate on the stigmas of wheat,and their pollen tubes could easily penetrate into the styles and...