采用四步削茧鉴蛹法减少家蚕原蚕后期死蛹发生

[目的]减少家蚕原蚕后期死蛹发生,提高家蚕一代杂交种生产的经济效益.[方法]以家蚕原种春蕾（中系品种）与镇珠（日系品种）为研究对象,以原蚕后期死蛹率、发蛾率和工效为考核指标,对比四步削茧鉴蛹法与常规削茧鉴蛹法在家蚕一代杂交种生产中的应用效果.[结果]采用四步削茧鉴蛹法处理的原蚕死蛹率（3.01％）较常规削茧鉴蛹法（14.13％）下降了11.12％（绝对值）,二者间存在极显著差异（P＜0.01）.在工效方面,两种削茧鉴蛹法操作的工效无显著差异,且越是蚕蛹发病率高的生产批次,应用四步削茧鉴蛹法的成效越明显.2011～2012年在山东广通蚕种集团公司的部分蚕种场推广应用,结果显示,山东广通蚕种集团公司蚕种场的原蚕后期死蛹率明显减少,发蛾率由应用前在70.00％～90.00％波动提高稳定在92.00％以上.[结论]在家蚕一代杂交种生产过程中,合理运用四步削茧鉴蛹法可极大减少病原物通过蛹体间接触的水平传播感染,有效减少死蛹发生,显著提高制种效益.

Dead pupa reduction of parent silkworm in late period using four steps method of cocoon cutting and pupas sexing

[Objective]Dead pupa reduction of parent silkworm in late period was studied to increase the economic benefits of Bombyx mort hybrid breeding. [ Method ] Mulberry parent silkworm Chunlei （Chinese variety ） and Zhenzhu （Japanese variety） were used as the research objects. Four steps method of cocoon cutting and pupas sexing was compared with the regular method in Bombyx mori hybrid breeding by evaluating dead pupas rate, emergence rate and efficiency. [Result]The percent of dead pupas of parent silkworm in late period reduced by 11.12% （absolute value） from 14.13% to 3.01% using the new four steps method. Statistical T test demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the two methods （P〈0.01）. In terms of effectiveness, there were no significant differences between the two methods. Four steps method was more effective in production batch with higher dead rate. When the new method was applied in some silkworm farms of Shandong Guangtong Silkworm Egg Group from 2011 to 2012, the amount of dead pupas of parent silkworm in late period reduced greatly and the emergence rate increased to over 92.00% stably from fluctuating 70.00% to 90.00%. [Conelusion]A reasonable application of the new four steps of cocoon cutting and pupas sexing during Bombyx mori hybrid breeding can significantly decrease the amount of dead pupas of parent silkworm in late period by vastly reducing spread and infection of pathogen among pupas and greatly increase the economic benefits of Bombyx mori breeding.