大豆异黄酮及其组分含量的配合力和杂种优势

 为了能在大豆异黄酮及其组分的育种中合理选配亲本，利用杂种优势，本研究选用8个异黄酮含量不同的大豆品种采用NCⅡ设计配置杂交组合，对大豆籽粒异黄酮及其组分含量进行遗传分析。研究结果表明，大豆籽粒异黄酮及其组分含量在供试品种间表现有明显的差异，籽粒异黄酮含量和黄豆甙元既受加性效应又受非加性效应的控制，染料木甙主要受非加性效应控制，染料木素、大豆甙元和大豆甙这3个性状的遗传主要受加性效应控制；不同亲本组配的不同组合的GCA和SCA差异较大。在中亲优势测定中，除黄豆甙元含量和大豆甙表现为正向超亲外，其余性状均表现为负向超亲。本研究认为在大豆高异黄酮育种中应选择高异黄酮材料作为亲本之一，选配组合时亲本最好采用高×高类型或高×低类型配置组合。

Genetic Analysis of Combining Abilities and Heterosis in Contents of Soybean Isoflavone and Its Components Among the Soybean Varieties [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

In this study the genetic analysis of soybean isoflavone contents and its components were carried out based on the NCⅡMating Design in eight soybean varieties. The results showed that the isoflavone contents and its components of soybean seed are quite different among the tested materials, the contents of isoflavone and daidzein are controlled not only by additive effects but also by non-additive effects, while the content of genistin is dominated by non-additive effects, and genistein, glycitin and daidzin are mainly controlled by additive effects. There are significant differences in the contents of isoflavone and its components among the different combinations derived from different parents. The results also indicated that the tested traits of this study are negative heterosis except for the contents of daidzein. Daidzin are positive heterosis based on the data of the GCA and SCA in average heterosis values. It is suggested that soybean variety with high isoflavone contents should be used as one of the parents in breeding program, and it is the best choice that the combinations crossed between two high isoflavone varieties or a high variety and a low one.