水稻核心种质育种体系创建及优质稻育种实践

为实现水稻育种学和水稻种质资源学的无缝对接,常规育种技术与先进适用技术的有效融合,创建了水稻核心种质育种理论和材料体系。概述了水稻核心种质育种理论体系,包括水稻核心种质概念、理想基因系统与突破性大品种对应假说、理想模型(模式)构建、前景选择与背景选择统筹、基因集的生物学意义、核心种质基因型和表现型云数据、先进适用综合育种方法研究和核心种质杂种优势利用等8个部分。阐述了黄华占核心种质育种材料体系、美香占核心种质育种材料体系和丰八占衍生恢复系华占核心种质育种材料体系等三套育种材料体系创建历程,并对其衍生的重大品种即当前我国籼稻推广面积最大的品种黄华占、我国连续三届获得全国优质稻品种食味品质鉴评金奖唯一籼稻品种美香占2号、我国配组组合最多恢复系华占等突破性品种(恢复系)作了简介,讨论了水稻遗传育种学的现状和方向。

Creation of Rice Core Germplasm Breeding Systems and Practices in Good-quality Rice Breeding

Rice core germplasm breeding systems of theory and breeding materials were created by research team of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in order to realize no-slot joint of rice breeding and rice germplasm resources, effective integration of conventional breeding techniques and advanced and applicable technology. Ri ce core germ plas m breeding theoretical systems including the co nception of rice core germplasm s, corresponding hypothesis between ideal gene system and breakthrough rice variety, creation of ideal model, comprehensive arrangement of foreground selection and background selection, biological significances of DNA block, phenotypes of rice cor e germ plasms and cloud data of genotypes, research on rice synthesis breeding by advanced and applicable technologies, heterosis utilization of rice core germplasms were briefed. The creation of Huanghuazhan, Meixiangzhan and Huazhan core germplasm breeding material systems were traced back, and both the breakthrough varieties of Huangh uazhan with the largest indica rice promotion area in China, and Meixiangzhan No. 2 with the most excellent eating qua lity in China, the br eakthrough restorer line of Huazhan with the most excellent combining abilit y in rice breeding history, which deri ved from the core germplasm breeding material systems were introduced. The present situation and direction of rice genetics and breeding were discussed.