微生态修复瓜类种植环境防治根结线虫病研究

利用4株环境有益菌的固体菌剂,在根结线虫危害严重,连作西瓜7年的日光玻璃温室进行土壤微生态修复以抑制瓜类根结线虫实验。实验材料为嫁接西瓜用的南瓜品种(16CN16),菌剂为自制的、由从环境中筛选出有益菌组成,并且符合国家菌剂标准的固体菌剂(T1~T4)。结果表明,各处理对南瓜根结线虫的抑制效果非常明显,并且对南瓜植株有很好的促长与提高产量的作用。其中,效果最好的T3和T4,即Y1+Y8、Y1菌株的固体菌剂,使南瓜根系上根结数比对照减少70%~80%,土壤中线虫数量比对照减少90%。当T3和T4菌剂中环境有益菌的发酵液直接作用于2日龄根结线虫24小时,使根结线虫的死亡率达100%。由此可见,T3和T4的环境有益菌微生物固体菌剂能很好地改善瓜类种植环境,修复土壤微生态系统,促进南瓜生长,有望进一步在保护地栽培瓜果、蔬菜生产上用于防治根结线虫病发生。

Study on Micro-ecological Restoration of Watermelon Planting Environment to Prevent Root-knot Nematode Disease

The solid inoculum of 4 strains of environmentally beneficial bacteria was applied in serious contaminated by root-knot nematodes greenhouse, where watermelons had been planted in succession for 7 years. The field was used for soil micro-ecological restoration and inhibition root-knot nematodes. The experimental material was a pumpkin variety (16CN16) usually used for grafting to improve watermelon resistance to diseases and insects. The solid inoculum treatments (T1~T4) were composed of beneficial bacteria which were selected from the environment and meets the national inoculum standards. The results showed that the inhibitory effects for pumpkin root-knot nematode were very obvious for all treatments, and it also had a good effect on plants growth- promoting and yield increasing of pumpkin. The most effective treatments were T3 and T4 with Y1+Y8 and Y1 strains, respectively, which reduced the number of root knots on pumpkin by 70% to 80%, and the number of nematodes in the soil was reduced by 90% compared with the control. When the fermentation broth of environmentally beneficial bacteria in the T3 and T4 directly acted on 2 days old nematodes for 24 hours, respectively, the death rate of nematodes reached up to 100%. The result showed that the T3 and T4 could well improve plant growing environment, repair the soil micro-ecosystem, and promote the growth of pumpkins. It can be the promising inoculants for further used in prevention root knot nematodes, and the production of melons, fruits and vegetables for growth promotion.