桃果实发育解剖学与果核开裂研究

为探明桃果实发育规律,利用石蜡切片制片法对大久保桃果实发育过程进行了较系统的组织解剖学研究。结果表明:桃子房初期具2个倒生胚珠,大部分只有1个发育成种子;子房壁经过生长发育形成果实的外、中、内果皮;外果皮细胞长柱形,细胞核明显,排列紧密,被表皮毛;中果皮在果实第一次快速生长期为分生组织,果实进入发育的第三个时期时中果皮细胞逐渐液泡化成为薄壁组织;内果皮细胞分裂、分化同时进行,大久保桃从花后第4周开始木质化,按由内到外的顺序进行;但有部分桃果实表现出内果皮木质化不彻底现象,在果缝线相对位置薄壁细胞层数较多,这很可能使内果皮裂开、种胚脱落,而降低桃果的商品价值。

Study on Anatomy and Pit-Splitting during Peach Fruit Development

With the normal paraffin sectioning,anatomical structure of peach fruit was studied during its development.The results indicate that there are two anatropous ovules at the initial development stage in peach ovary,only one ovule develop into seed generally.The ovary wall developed and differentiated into exocarp,mesocarp and endocarp.The cells of exocarp were oblong,they had distinct nucleoli and hairs and arrange closely;Mesocarp was meristem at the first stage of peach fruit development,but became parenchymatous tissue with the cells vacuolation at the third stage of peach fruit development;The cells of endocarp divided and differentiated at the same time,the lignification of Okubo'peach(Prunus persica) was from inside to outside and began at the forth week after anthesis;some endocarps were not lignifying completely,it was easy to split and seed desquamate,the commodity value of the fruit decreased partly as the result.