栽培模式对湖南春玉米产量形成和氮素利用的影响

为研究不同栽培模式对湖南春玉米产量、干物质积累、灌浆特性和氮素利用的影响,于2017年在长沙以登海605为供试品种,设置基础地力产量(FP)、农户产量(PP)、高产高效产量(HY)和高产记录产量(SHY)4种栽培模式进行试验。结果表明,不同栽培模式之间产量差异显著,FP、PP、HY、SHY产量分别达到4359.30、6565.86、7586.31、9748.68 kg/hm^2。与FP相比,PP、HY、SHY提高了玉米干物质积累量、氮素积累量和叶面积指数,延长了灌浆活跃期。PP处理氮素农学利用率、氮素偏生产力最高,SHY处理的氮肥当季回收率最高,说明通过对种植密度、施肥量和追肥方式等栽培技术集成与优化,可提高春玉米产量。

Effects of Cultivation Modes on Yield Formation and Nitrogen Utilization of Spring Corn in Hunan Province

The effects of different cultivation modes on yield,filling characteristics and nitrogen utilization of spring maize in Hunan province were studied.Denghai 605 was grown under four cultivation modes of the soil productivity(FP),peasant household productivity(PP),high-yielding and high efficiency productivity(HY)and super high yield productivity(SHY)in Changsha.The results showed that there were significant differences among cultivation modes,the yields of FP,PP,HY and SHY were 4359.30,6565.86,7586.31 and 9748.68 kg/hm^2,respectively.Compared with FP,PP,HY and SHY improved the dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation and the index of leaf area,prolonged the active grain filling duration.The nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity of treatment PP were the highest.SHY had the highest nitrogen recovery efficiency.The results indicated that the integration and optimization of planting density,fertilizer application and top dressing methods could improve the spring corn yield.