绿豆氮磷钾施肥效应与最优施肥量研究

通过研究不同氮、磷、钾肥施用量对绿豆产量及产量构成因子的影响,确定绿豆施肥模式和氮、磷、钾肥的最佳配比。采用氮、磷、钾三因素二次回归正交旋转组合设计,建立了氮、磷和钾的施肥量编码值与绿豆产量及其构成因子的效应函数。结果显示,3种肥料对绿豆产量影响为氮>磷>钾。随氮、磷肥施用量的增加,产量、单株荚数和百粒重先升高后降低;试验范围内,磷钾互作对绿豆产量和单株荚数起促进作用。目标产量为2 104.6~2 215.2kg/hm²,对应N、P₂O₅和K₂O优化施肥量分别为81.2~89.3、124.8~133.5和82.6~90.7kg/hm²。施用量配比为N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O=1∶1.54∶1.03（N为87.4kg/hm²）时,产量最大（2 215.2kg/hm²）。当N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O=1∶1.54∶1.05（N为80.4kg/hm²）时,经济效益最佳（15 589.89元/hm²）。

Effects and Optimum Rates of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer for Mung Bean

The effects of application rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on the yield and yield related traits were studied to ensure the optimal fertilization model and ratio suitable for mung bean. Quadratic orthogonal regressive rotation design of three factors (N, P, K) was applied to conduct field experiment. The effective functions of N, P and K application codes on the yield and yield related traits were established. The results showed that the effect of three fertilizers on the yield of mung bean was N > P > K. The yields, pods per plant and 100-seed weight of mung bean were increased first and then decreased with the increasing of application rates of N and P. The yield and pods per plant of mung bean were promoted by the interaction of P and K in the range of experiment. The optimal fertilizer application rates of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O were respectively 81.2-89.3, 124.8-133.5, 82.6-90.7kg/ha for the target yield between 2 104.6 and 2 215.2kg/ha. The highest yield was 2 215.2kg/hm ² with the optimal fertilizer ratio N, P₂O₅, K₂O=1:1.54:1.03 (N: 87.4kg/ha). The best economic benefit was 15 589.89 yuan/ha with the fertilizer ratio N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:1.54:1.05 (N: 80.4kg/ha).