基于表型和SSR标记的金平草果遗传多样性分析

草果是常见中药材和调味料,主产于云南。以主产地云南省红河州金平县的草果为研究对象,利用表型和SSR标记分析草果遗传多样性。结果表明：13个数量性状的变异系数为7.64%~50.00%,Shannon-Weaver多样性指数为1.74~2.16,其中挂果率的变异系数最大,鲜果长的多样性水平最高;提取的前4个主成分可解释81.615%的变异,第1主成分可解释37.369%的表型变异,与产量密切相关的干果重、鲜果重、干果皮重和单果种子数等指标荷载量较高。5对SSR标记在44份草果样本中共扩增出23个条带,平均每对引物可检测到4.6个多态性位点,多态位点百分率为100%,Shannon’s信息指数和平均多态信息含量分别为1.266和0.672;聚类分析可将44个样本分为2大类,第1类包含34个样本,第2类由10个样本构成。本研究表明金平草果具有丰富的表型变异和较高的分子遗传多样性。

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Amomum tsao-ko in Jinping Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers

Amomum tsao-ko is a common Chinese medicine and seasoning, mainly produced in Yunnan. In this study, the genetic diversity of Amomum tsao-ko (in Jinping County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province) was analyzed by phenotypic traits and SSR markers. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of 13 quantitative traits was 7.64%-50.00%, and the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') was 1.74-2.16. The coefficient of variation of fruiting rate was the largest, and the diversity level of fresh fruit length was the highest. The first four principal components could explain 81.615% of the variation, and the first principal component could explain 37.369% variation with the main contributions from dry fruit weight, fresh fruit weight, dry pericarp weight and seed number, which are related to the yield. A total of 23 bands were amplified by 5 pairs of SSR markers in 44 Amomum tsao-ko samples, with an average of 4.6 polymorphic loci per pair of primers. The shannon information index and the average polymorphism information content (PIC) were 1.266 and 0.672, respectively. Cluster analysis could divide 44 samples into two clusters. Cluster I consisted of 34 samples, and the Cluster II consisted of 10 samples. The results indicated that Jinping Amomum tsao-ko had abundant phenotypic variation and high genetic diversity at the molecular level.