青海省审定小麦品种SSR遗传多样性分析及分子身份证的建立

小麦是青海省重要的粮食作物,本研究从分子水平上明确青海省审定小麦品种的遗传多样性现状并建立其分子身份证,为青海省小麦育种和资源保护提供理论依据。利用从520对SSR引物中筛选出的212对具有清晰扩增条带的引物,对青海省66个育成小麦品种进行研究。结果表明,19对引物扩增结果表现为单态,193对引物扩增结果表现为多态,共扩增出724个等位变异,变异范围为2~10个。多态性引物的多态信息含量（polymorphism information content,PIC）变化范围为0.03~0.86,平均为0.51。A、B、D 3个基因组的平均等位变异丰富度（allelic richness,R_s）和平均遗传多样性指数（Nei’s genetic diversity index,H_e）均为A>B>D。小麦的7个同源群中,第2同源群多样性指数最高,第7同源群多样性指数最低。在多样性研究的基础上,利用23对引物组合,构建了66个小麦品种的分子身份证,可将它们完全区分开,为青海省小麦品种的鉴定提供参考。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Establishment of Molecular ID of the Wheat Cultivars Registered in Qinghai Using SSR

Wheat is an important grain crop in Qinghai province. In order to provide theoretical basis for wheat breeding and resource protection, 212 SSR primers with clear amplification bands were used to reveal the genetic diversity of 66 wheat cultivars registered in Qinghai Province. The results showed that 19 primers had only one amplification band and 193 primers had more than one amplification band. Seven hundred and twenty-four alleles were detected and the average alleles per locus varied from 2 to 10. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.03 to 0.86 with an average value of 0.51. Both the average allelic richness (R_s) and the Nei’s genetic diversity index (H_e) for the three sub-genomes of the common wheat were A > B > D. Out of the 7 homologous groups in wheat, the second homologous group had the highest diversity and the seventh homologous group had the lowest diversity. The 66 wheat cultivars can be distinguished by 23 pairs SSR primers which can be used to establish a set of molecular ID and as reference to identify wheat cultivars in Qinghai province.