山西省农田秸秆露天焚烧碳释放量估算

秸秆焚烧会排放大量的污染物，不仅危害人的身体健康，而且会对局部大气环境和气候系统产生重要影响。为了估算山西省农田秸秆露天燃烧排放的CO和CO2量，依据山西省1984—2010年山西省粮食产量、谷草比等估算出山西省主要粮食作物和经济作物的秸秆产量；同时依据山西省区域秸秆露天焚烧比例得到2000—2010年山西省主要粮食、经济作物的秸秆露天焚烧量，继而结合具体排放因子计算出CO和CO2的排放量及碳释放总量，并在GIS中对2010年山西省不同市县的碳排放量进行了空间展示。结果表明：近10年山西主要农作物秸秆露天焚烧排放的CO和CO2总量平均为每年205.6×103 t和5611.8×103 t，各作物中玉米对农田碳排放的影响最大，且农作物种植的单一性越来越强；农作物秸秆露天焚烧释放的总碳量平均每年164.05×104 t，自2002年开始体现逐步上升趋势，2010年达到历史最高；秸秆露天焚烧的碳排放量分布与地形、气温、降水等自然因素和经济社会条件呈现一致性关系。研究结果可以为控制和减少农业温室气体的排放提供政策建议。

Estimation for Carbon Emission from the Open Burning of Crop Straw in Shanxi Province

As an important kind of primary pollution source, crop straw burning contribute much pollutant into the atmosphere, thus play significant roles in regional air pollution, and severely affect climate and human health. Based on date of crop yield from 2000 to 2010 in Shanxi, the major grain crop straw output were calculated according to the ratio of residue/grain. The proportion and the amount of open burning of crop straw were quantitatively analyzed. Then the total amount of CO and CO2 emission were estimated according to the emission factors and the spatial distribution of the carbon emissions in different counties of Shanxi Province was showed using GIS. The results showed that the average emission amount of CO and CO2 from the open burning of crop straw were 205.6× 103 t and 5611.8× 103 t per year respectively in recent 10 years. Corn straw burning had greater impact on the carbon emission of farmland than that of other crops. The average of total carbon emission from the open burning of crop straw was 164.05× 104 t per year, and the total carbon emission increased gradually every year and reached a peak in 2010. In addition, it revealed that the distribution of carbon emission from the opening burning of crop straw was consistent with natural factors such as terrain, temperature and precipitation, and economic and social factors. This paper could provide advices on the controlling and reducing emission of agricultural ~reenhouse ~ases.